History of Marxism
26.04.202500:48
The King David Hotel Terror attack:
The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. When planned, the attack had the approval of the Haganah, the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine.
According to The Jerusalem Post, "although the Hagana had sanctioned the King David bombing, world-wide condemnation caused the organization to distance itself from the attack".
Disguised as Arab workmen and as hotel waiters, members of the Irgun, a Zionist terror group planted a bomb in the basement of the main building of the hotel, whose southern wing housed the Mandate Secretariat and a few offices of the British military headquarters. The resulting explosion caused the collapse of the western half of the southern wing of the hotel. Some of the inflicted deaths and injuries occurred in the road outside the hotel and in adjacent buildings.
Ninety-one people were killed, most of them being staff of the hotel or Secretariat: 21 were first-rank government officials; 49 were second-rank clerks, typists and messengers, junior members of the Secretariat, employees of the hotel and canteen workers; 13 were soldiers; 3 policemen; and 5 were members of the public. By nationality, there were 41 Arabs, 28 British citizens, 17 Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 Egyptian. Forty-nine people were injured.
After the attack the Irgun's radio network announced that it would mourn for the Jewish victims, but not the British ones.
The hotel was the site of the central offices of the British Mandatory authorities of Palestine, principally the Secretariat of the Government of Palestine and the Headquarters of the British Armed Forces in Palestine and Transjordan. When planned, the attack had the approval of the Haganah, the principal Jewish paramilitary group in Palestine.
According to The Jerusalem Post, "although the Hagana had sanctioned the King David bombing, world-wide condemnation caused the organization to distance itself from the attack".
Disguised as Arab workmen and as hotel waiters, members of the Irgun, a Zionist terror group planted a bomb in the basement of the main building of the hotel, whose southern wing housed the Mandate Secretariat and a few offices of the British military headquarters. The resulting explosion caused the collapse of the western half of the southern wing of the hotel. Some of the inflicted deaths and injuries occurred in the road outside the hotel and in adjacent buildings.
Ninety-one people were killed, most of them being staff of the hotel or Secretariat: 21 were first-rank government officials; 49 were second-rank clerks, typists and messengers, junior members of the Secretariat, employees of the hotel and canteen workers; 13 were soldiers; 3 policemen; and 5 were members of the public. By nationality, there were 41 Arabs, 28 British citizens, 17 Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 Egyptian. Forty-nine people were injured.
After the attack the Irgun's radio network announced that it would mourn for the Jewish victims, but not the British ones.
24.04.202516:19
Grigory Mekler: Soviet Jewish Advisor Who Coached Kim Il-sung
Grigory Konovich Mekler was a Soviet military officer, linguist, and historian. He was born in Baevo, Belarus, into a Jewish family and raised in Odesa. He studied philosophy and history, graduating from Moscow State University in 1933.
In the 1940s, Mekler served as an intelligence officer in the Soviet Far East. In 1944, he was assigned to work with Kim Il-sung, a Korean guerrilla fighter trained by the Soviets. Mekler helped prepare Kim for leadership by:
- Editing and drafting his speeches.
- Rehearsing his public appearances.
- Organizing key meetings, including with Korean political figures like Cho Man-sik.
- Arranging events to build Kim’s image as a national leader.
In 1945, after World War II, Mekler traveled with Soviet forces to Pyongyang and continued working with Kim Il-sung during the early formation of the North Korean government.
Mekler advised Kim, organized propaganda to portray him as a national hero, and helped position him politically. Though his direct involvement was short, Mekler’s efforts helped shape the foundation of North Korea’s leadership and state identity.
Grigory Konovich Mekler was a Soviet military officer, linguist, and historian. He was born in Baevo, Belarus, into a Jewish family and raised in Odesa. He studied philosophy and history, graduating from Moscow State University in 1933.
In the 1940s, Mekler served as an intelligence officer in the Soviet Far East. In 1944, he was assigned to work with Kim Il-sung, a Korean guerrilla fighter trained by the Soviets. Mekler helped prepare Kim for leadership by:
- Editing and drafting his speeches.
- Rehearsing his public appearances.
- Organizing key meetings, including with Korean political figures like Cho Man-sik.
- Arranging events to build Kim’s image as a national leader.
In 1945, after World War II, Mekler traveled with Soviet forces to Pyongyang and continued working with Kim Il-sung during the early formation of the North Korean government.
Mekler advised Kim, organized propaganda to portray him as a national hero, and helped position him politically. Though his direct involvement was short, Mekler’s efforts helped shape the foundation of North Korea’s leadership and state identity.
23.04.202502:48
The Brno Death March, also known as the Brno Expulsion, occurred on May 30, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II.
Following the end of the war, Czechoslovakia sought to expel its ethnic German population, who had been living in the country for centuries. The Czech government, backed by the Allies, implemented a series of decrees aimed at removing Germans from Czechoslovakia.
In Brno, the largest city in Moravia, a large group of ethnic Germans, estimated to be between 20,000 to 30,000 people, including women, children, and the elderly, were forcibly gathered and ordered to march towards the
Austrian border.
The conditions of the march were brutal: the expelled Germans were given little food, water, or medical care. Many were forced to march in the scorching heat without adequate clothing or footwear. The march was also accompanied by violence, with reports of beatings, lootings, and even killings.It's estimated that thousands, of people died during the march due to exhaustion, dehydration, and exposure.
Following the end of the war, Czechoslovakia sought to expel its ethnic German population, who had been living in the country for centuries. The Czech government, backed by the Allies, implemented a series of decrees aimed at removing Germans from Czechoslovakia.
In Brno, the largest city in Moravia, a large group of ethnic Germans, estimated to be between 20,000 to 30,000 people, including women, children, and the elderly, were forcibly gathered and ordered to march towards the
Austrian border.
The conditions of the march were brutal: the expelled Germans were given little food, water, or medical care. Many were forced to march in the scorching heat without adequate clothing or footwear. The march was also accompanied by violence, with reports of beatings, lootings, and even killings.It's estimated that thousands, of people died during the march due to exhaustion, dehydration, and exposure.
21.04.202523:09
Worst Maritime Disaster in History: Soviet Submarine Torpedoes German Civilian Ship, Claiming 9,400 Lives
MV Wilhelm Gustloff was a German civilian transport ship which was sunk on 30 January 1945 by Soviet submarine S-13 in the Baltic Sea while evacuating German civilian refugees fleeing from the advancing Soviet forces. By one estimate, 9,400 people died, making it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history.
The Soviet submarine fired 3 torpedoes. The first torpedo was nicknamed "For the Motherland", the second "For Leningrad", the third "For the Soviet people". The three torpedoes which were fired successfully all struck on the civilians port side.
Reportedly, only nine lifeboats could be lowered; the rest had frozen in their davits and had to be broken free. About twenty minutes after the torpedoes' impact, the ship suddenly tipped so dramatically that the lifeboats lowered on the high starboard side crashed into the ship's tilting side, destroying many lifeboats and spilling their occupants
Many deaths were caused either directly by the torpedoes or drowning in the onrushing water. Some fatalities were due to the initial stampede caused by panicked passengers on the stairs and decks. Many passengers jumped into the icy Baltic. The water temperature in the Baltic Sea in late January is usually around 4 °C (39 °F); however, this was a particularly cold night, with an air temperature of −18 to −10 °C (0 to 14 °F) and ice floes covering the surface. The majority of those who perished succumbed to exposure in the freezing water.
Women aboard the ship at the time of the sinking were inaccurately described by Soviet propaganda as "SS personnel from the German concentration camps".
On the night of 9–10 February, just eleven days after the sinking, S-13 sank another evacuating German ship, killing about 4,500 people.Before sinking Wilhelm Gustloff, Captain Marinesko was facing a court martial due to his alcohol problems and for being caught in a brothel while he and his crew were off duty. Marinesko was thus deemed "not suitable to be a hero" for the sinking and, instead of gaining the title Hero of the Soviet Union, he was awarded the lesser Order of the Red Banner.
Marinesko, the S-13 submarines captain was posthumously named a Hero of the Soviet Union by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990.
MV Wilhelm Gustloff was a German civilian transport ship which was sunk on 30 January 1945 by Soviet submarine S-13 in the Baltic Sea while evacuating German civilian refugees fleeing from the advancing Soviet forces. By one estimate, 9,400 people died, making it the largest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history.
The Soviet submarine fired 3 torpedoes. The first torpedo was nicknamed "For the Motherland", the second "For Leningrad", the third "For the Soviet people". The three torpedoes which were fired successfully all struck on the civilians port side.
Reportedly, only nine lifeboats could be lowered; the rest had frozen in their davits and had to be broken free. About twenty minutes after the torpedoes' impact, the ship suddenly tipped so dramatically that the lifeboats lowered on the high starboard side crashed into the ship's tilting side, destroying many lifeboats and spilling their occupants
Many deaths were caused either directly by the torpedoes or drowning in the onrushing water. Some fatalities were due to the initial stampede caused by panicked passengers on the stairs and decks. Many passengers jumped into the icy Baltic. The water temperature in the Baltic Sea in late January is usually around 4 °C (39 °F); however, this was a particularly cold night, with an air temperature of −18 to −10 °C (0 to 14 °F) and ice floes covering the surface. The majority of those who perished succumbed to exposure in the freezing water.
Women aboard the ship at the time of the sinking were inaccurately described by Soviet propaganda as "SS personnel from the German concentration camps".
On the night of 9–10 February, just eleven days after the sinking, S-13 sank another evacuating German ship, killing about 4,500 people.Before sinking Wilhelm Gustloff, Captain Marinesko was facing a court martial due to his alcohol problems and for being caught in a brothel while he and his crew were off duty. Marinesko was thus deemed "not suitable to be a hero" for the sinking and, instead of gaining the title Hero of the Soviet Union, he was awarded the lesser Order of the Red Banner.
Marinesko, the S-13 submarines captain was posthumously named a Hero of the Soviet Union by Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev in 1990.
19.04.202504:14
Like other leaders who have crossed the Zionists, Sultan Adulhamid II appears to have sealed his fate with the Jewish Dönmeh with this statement to his Ottoman court:
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
16.04.202521:23
Larry Franklin — a former Pentagon analyst who pleaded guilty in 2005 to passing classified information to two officials of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a pro-Israel lobbying group. The charges came after Mr. Franklin “provided a draft presidential directive on Iran and other information to AIPAC,” which the lobby ground then “passed the material on to Israel.” At the time of the case, the “FBI raided AIPAC’s offices in Washington twice last year, obtaining computer files and serving grand jury subpoenas on four senior executives.
26.04.202500:47
The King David Hotel bombing, Jewish terrorists, disguised as Arabs, carried out a devastating attack, killing 91 people, including British officials, military personnel, and hotel staff, in Jerusalem on July 22, 1946.
24.04.202503:41
News clip from Thursday, March 24, 1938:
PARIS, March 22.—(U.P.)—Fuehrer Adolf Hitler of Germany Tuesday sent a message to the Duke of Windsor, politely refusing the duke's personal plea for release of Baron Louis Rothschild of the famous banking family who is a Nazi prisoner in Vienna. The baron was the duke's host on several occasions when 'Edward visited Austria.
PARIS, March 22.—(U.P.)—Fuehrer Adolf Hitler of Germany Tuesday sent a message to the Duke of Windsor, politely refusing the duke's personal plea for release of Baron Louis Rothschild of the famous banking family who is a Nazi prisoner in Vienna. The baron was the duke's host on several occasions when 'Edward visited Austria.
Қайта жіберілді:
History of Marxism
23.04.202502:34
Fabio Grobart (born Abraham Grobart, August 30, 1905 – 22 October 1994; also known as Antonio Blanco and Abraham Simjovitch) was a Marxist-Leninist revolutionary and politician who played an important role in the 1959 Cuban Revolution that overthrew Fulgencio Batista and led to Fidel Castro's rise to power.
Apparently following orders of the Comintern(Communist International), during the early 1920s he became a founding member of the Cuban Communist Party.He played an important, though generally undocumented, role in guiding the political leadership of Cuba's 1959 Revolution along a socialist path. Fabio Grobart was one of the founders of the Communist Party in Cuba in 1925, "and for decades served as a party ideologue and the man who introduced Castro at party meetings" (Goering, 2001).
Although the party Grobart helped found was not the first Cuban communist party, it is considered as such by the present Cuban government.
Apparently following orders of the Comintern(Communist International), during the early 1920s he became a founding member of the Cuban Communist Party.He played an important, though generally undocumented, role in guiding the political leadership of Cuba's 1959 Revolution along a socialist path. Fabio Grobart was one of the founders of the Communist Party in Cuba in 1925, "and for decades served as a party ideologue and the man who introduced Castro at party meetings" (Goering, 2001).
Although the party Grobart helped found was not the first Cuban communist party, it is considered as such by the present Cuban government.
20.04.202523:12
Direct quotes from a German leaflet given to English soldiers during World War 2
"YOU HAVE BEEN TRAPPED!
YOU HAVE LANDED on the Continent to face the armed might of Germany-but not for the benefit of Britain!
Your country will gain ABSOLUTELY NOTHING from this struggle, no matter how well you may fight.
THE BOLSHEVISTS ALONE WILL PROFIT by your sacrifices. You have been trapped into risking your life for but one purpose the Bolshevization of Europe!
Consider these points, and ask yourself: WHY SHOULD YOU FIGHT FOR STALIN?
Why die for Stalin?
In dying for Stalin your soldiers are not dying for democracy or the preservation of the democratic form of government-they are dying for the establishment of Communism and a form of Stalinist tyranny throughout the world. Furthermore, they are not dying for the preservation of the integrity of small nations (England's old war-cry) but are dying so that Poland shall be a Soviet state; so that the Baltic States shall be incorporated in the Soviet Union and so that Soviet influence shall extend from the Baltic to the Balkans.
Every British soldier who lays down his life in this war is not only a loss to his own country; he is a loss to the common cause of European civilization. Germany's and England's quarrel is a form of traditional rivalry. It is more in the nature of a private quarrel which Germany did not seek. The Soviet Union's quarrel, however, is a quarrel with the WORLD. It is a quarrel with our common heritage and with all those values-moral, spiritual, cultural and material which we have, all of us-Englishman and German alike recognised, cherished and striven to maintain. TO DIE FOR THE DESTRUC- TION OF THESE VALUES IS TO DIE IN VAIN.
Stalin, with all the diabolical power of Communism behind him, is seeking to profit from Britain's and Germany's preoccupation. The amount of influence which Britain can exercise on Stalin can be measured by the latter's undisputed claims to the sovereign territories of other nations. The only control- ling influence left on Stalin is the strength and tenacity of the German Wehrmacht and of the European volunteers who support Germany in her fight for the survival of Europe, and its position as the cradle of our common civilization.
Every British soldier who dies for Stalin is another nail in the coffin of Britain's hopes of maintaining a "Balance of Power" in Europe.
Should the "Equilibrium" pass to Stalin then the equilibrium of the world is at an end.
THOSE WHO ARE ABOUT
TO DIE-THINK IT OVER!
"YOU HAVE BEEN TRAPPED!
YOU HAVE LANDED on the Continent to face the armed might of Germany-but not for the benefit of Britain!
Your country will gain ABSOLUTELY NOTHING from this struggle, no matter how well you may fight.
THE BOLSHEVISTS ALONE WILL PROFIT by your sacrifices. You have been trapped into risking your life for but one purpose the Bolshevization of Europe!
Consider these points, and ask yourself: WHY SHOULD YOU FIGHT FOR STALIN?
Why die for Stalin?
In dying for Stalin your soldiers are not dying for democracy or the preservation of the democratic form of government-they are dying for the establishment of Communism and a form of Stalinist tyranny throughout the world. Furthermore, they are not dying for the preservation of the integrity of small nations (England's old war-cry) but are dying so that Poland shall be a Soviet state; so that the Baltic States shall be incorporated in the Soviet Union and so that Soviet influence shall extend from the Baltic to the Balkans.
Every British soldier who lays down his life in this war is not only a loss to his own country; he is a loss to the common cause of European civilization. Germany's and England's quarrel is a form of traditional rivalry. It is more in the nature of a private quarrel which Germany did not seek. The Soviet Union's quarrel, however, is a quarrel with the WORLD. It is a quarrel with our common heritage and with all those values-moral, spiritual, cultural and material which we have, all of us-Englishman and German alike recognised, cherished and striven to maintain. TO DIE FOR THE DESTRUC- TION OF THESE VALUES IS TO DIE IN VAIN.
Stalin, with all the diabolical power of Communism behind him, is seeking to profit from Britain's and Germany's preoccupation. The amount of influence which Britain can exercise on Stalin can be measured by the latter's undisputed claims to the sovereign territories of other nations. The only control- ling influence left on Stalin is the strength and tenacity of the German Wehrmacht and of the European volunteers who support Germany in her fight for the survival of Europe, and its position as the cradle of our common civilization.
Every British soldier who dies for Stalin is another nail in the coffin of Britain's hopes of maintaining a "Balance of Power" in Europe.
Should the "Equilibrium" pass to Stalin then the equilibrium of the world is at an end.
THOSE WHO ARE ABOUT
TO DIE-THINK IT OVER!
19.04.202504:13
The Most Powerful Mobster in the World, Russian-Jewish Crime Boss Semion Mogilevich
Semion Mogilevich, a Jewish-born Russian organized crime boss, is widely regarded as the "boss of bosses" of most Russian Mafia syndicates globally. Dubbed "the most dangerous mobster in the world" by the US government, Mogilevich has been a formidable figure in the international underworld since the 1990s.
As the ruthless leader of the Red Mafia, he's been described as "the world's most powerful gangster." His alleged crimes include extortion, large-scale drug trafficking, prostitution, and nuclear weapons trading, once posing an existential threat to Eastern Europe.
Mogilevich holds dual citizenship in Israel and Russia. In the 1980s, he helped Russian and Ukrainian Jews emigrate to Israel, often assisting with asset transfers, but reportedly sometimes stealing from them.
Until 1998, Inkombank (controlled by Mogilevich's group) and Bank Menatep were allegedly involved in a $10 billion money-laundering scheme through the Bank of New York. The US government has accused Semion Mogilevich of "weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale."
Mogilevich reportedly had connections with Robert Maxwell, father of Ghislaine Maxwell, and Jeffrey Epstein. According to reports, Robert Maxwell obtained Israeli passports for Mogilevich and 23 associates in 1988, which facilitated his global criminal operations.
British journalists Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon claim in their book "Robert Maxwell: Superspy" that Robert Maxwell and Mogilevich were business partners. As Nina Burleigh notes in Rolling Stone, Maxwell facilitated connections between the KGB, Mossad, and emerging Russian oligarchs in the 1980s, establishing around 400 companies allegedly used for money laundering.
Semion Mogilevich's relationship with Vladimir Putin is shrouded in speculation, but it's widely believed that Putin has provided Mogilevich with protection and support. Mogilevich's ability to live openly in Moscow despite being on the FBI's Most Wanted list suggests that he enjoys a level of protection from the Russian government. Allegations have also surfaced about Putin acting as Mogilevich's "krisha" or protector in the past. It's obvious that Mogilevich's influence and operations are somehow shielded by powerful figures in Russia.
Semion Mogilevich, a Jewish-born Russian organized crime boss, is widely regarded as the "boss of bosses" of most Russian Mafia syndicates globally. Dubbed "the most dangerous mobster in the world" by the US government, Mogilevich has been a formidable figure in the international underworld since the 1990s.
As the ruthless leader of the Red Mafia, he's been described as "the world's most powerful gangster." His alleged crimes include extortion, large-scale drug trafficking, prostitution, and nuclear weapons trading, once posing an existential threat to Eastern Europe.
Mogilevich holds dual citizenship in Israel and Russia. In the 1980s, he helped Russian and Ukrainian Jews emigrate to Israel, often assisting with asset transfers, but reportedly sometimes stealing from them.
Until 1998, Inkombank (controlled by Mogilevich's group) and Bank Menatep were allegedly involved in a $10 billion money-laundering scheme through the Bank of New York. The US government has accused Semion Mogilevich of "weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale."
Mogilevich reportedly had connections with Robert Maxwell, father of Ghislaine Maxwell, and Jeffrey Epstein. According to reports, Robert Maxwell obtained Israeli passports for Mogilevich and 23 associates in 1988, which facilitated his global criminal operations.
British journalists Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon claim in their book "Robert Maxwell: Superspy" that Robert Maxwell and Mogilevich were business partners. As Nina Burleigh notes in Rolling Stone, Maxwell facilitated connections between the KGB, Mossad, and emerging Russian oligarchs in the 1980s, establishing around 400 companies allegedly used for money laundering.
Semion Mogilevich's relationship with Vladimir Putin is shrouded in speculation, but it's widely believed that Putin has provided Mogilevich with protection and support. Mogilevich's ability to live openly in Moscow despite being on the FBI's Most Wanted list suggests that he enjoys a level of protection from the Russian government. Allegations have also surfaced about Putin acting as Mogilevich's "krisha" or protector in the past. It's obvious that Mogilevich's influence and operations are somehow shielded by powerful figures in Russia.
16.04.202519:51
Be sure to give my instagram a follow, I'd appreciate it.
Username: history_of_revolution
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Қайта жіберілді:History of Marxism
25.04.202520:25
Be sure to give my instagram a follow, I'd appreciate it.
Username: history_of_revolution
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24.04.202503:38
London news paper Friday, June 17, 1938:
LONDON. June 17 (INS).—Nazi officials are holding Baron Louis de Rothschild prisoner in Vienna "for ransom," amounting to about $10,000,000, the London Daily Herald charged today.
An undated story published by the newspaper said representations have been made to the continental Rothschilds for release of the baron, who dropped from sight at the time of Germany's annexation of Austria.
The paper said negotiations are now under way to purchase his release. It added:
"The Nazis are making the ransom demand on the pretext of a claim against the baron in connection with the Credit Anstalt Bank of which he was president at the time of its collapse in 1931. They call the ransom compensation".
Enlarge the picture to see the whole news clip
LONDON. June 17 (INS).—Nazi officials are holding Baron Louis de Rothschild prisoner in Vienna "for ransom," amounting to about $10,000,000, the London Daily Herald charged today.
An undated story published by the newspaper said representations have been made to the continental Rothschilds for release of the baron, who dropped from sight at the time of Germany's annexation of Austria.
The paper said negotiations are now under way to purchase his release. It added:
"The Nazis are making the ransom demand on the pretext of a claim against the baron in connection with the Credit Anstalt Bank of which he was president at the time of its collapse in 1931. They call the ransom compensation".
Enlarge the picture to see the whole news clip
22.04.202517:10
The top reads:
‘Blackization of France 100 years from now’
The bottom reads :
‘’The last non-colored French form the main attraction of the Paris Zoo’’
Poster from National Socialist Germany- 1932
‘Blackization of France 100 years from now’
The bottom reads :
‘’The last non-colored French form the main attraction of the Paris Zoo’’
Poster from National Socialist Germany- 1932
20.04.202518:38
Part 2:
The removals occurred in three overlapping phases, the first of which was the organized evacuation of ethnic Germans by the German government in the face of the advancing Red Army, from mid-1944 to early 1945.
The second phase was the disorganised fleeing of ethnic Germans immediately following the Wehrmacht's defeat. The third phase was a more organised expulsion following the Allied leaders' Potsdam Agreement,which redefined the Central European borders and approved expulsions of ethnic Germans from the former German territories transferred to Poland, Russia and Czechoslovakia.
Many German civilians were sent to internment and labour camps where they were used as forced labour as part of German reparations to countries in eastern Europe.
The major motivations for the explusions were:
View of a German minority as potentially troublesome: From the Soviet perspective, shared by the communist administrations installed in Soviet-occupied Europe
Another motivation was to punish the Germans. The Allies declared them collectively guilty of German war crimes.
One of the reasons given for the population transfer of Germans from the former eastern territories of Germany was the claim that these areas had been a stronghold of the Nazi movement. Neither Stalin nor the other influential advocates of this argument required that expellees be checked for their political attitudes or their activities. Even in the few cases when this happened the expellees were proven to have been bystanders.
The removals occurred in three overlapping phases, the first of which was the organized evacuation of ethnic Germans by the German government in the face of the advancing Red Army, from mid-1944 to early 1945.
The second phase was the disorganised fleeing of ethnic Germans immediately following the Wehrmacht's defeat. The third phase was a more organised expulsion following the Allied leaders' Potsdam Agreement,which redefined the Central European borders and approved expulsions of ethnic Germans from the former German territories transferred to Poland, Russia and Czechoslovakia.
Many German civilians were sent to internment and labour camps where they were used as forced labour as part of German reparations to countries in eastern Europe.
The major motivations for the explusions were:
View of a German minority as potentially troublesome: From the Soviet perspective, shared by the communist administrations installed in Soviet-occupied Europe
Another motivation was to punish the Germans. The Allies declared them collectively guilty of German war crimes.
One of the reasons given for the population transfer of Germans from the former eastern territories of Germany was the claim that these areas had been a stronghold of the Nazi movement. Neither Stalin nor the other influential advocates of this argument required that expellees be checked for their political attitudes or their activities. Even in the few cases when this happened the expellees were proven to have been bystanders.
17.04.202520:51
Part 2:
On July 17, 1918, the Romanov family was executed. Goloshchyokin oversaw the disposal of the remains with Yurovsky. He also ensured that items from the Romanov's quarters were transported to Moscow.
When the corpses were being loaded onto a truck, Goloshchyokin murmured, "So this is the end of the Romanov Dynasty, is it...", to which Mikhail Kudrin responded, "No, not yet; there is still much work to be done". Goloshchyokin also sneered at the dead tsar, saying "Dogs deserve a dog's death" when he saw the dead body of the family's French Bulldog, Ortino.
On July 17, 1918, the Romanov family was executed. Goloshchyokin oversaw the disposal of the remains with Yurovsky. He also ensured that items from the Romanov's quarters were transported to Moscow.
When the corpses were being loaded onto a truck, Goloshchyokin murmured, "So this is the end of the Romanov Dynasty, is it...", to which Mikhail Kudrin responded, "No, not yet; there is still much work to be done". Goloshchyokin also sneered at the dead tsar, saying "Dogs deserve a dog's death" when he saw the dead body of the family's French Bulldog, Ortino.
16.04.202518:15
The First Major Socialist Terrorist Group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya) :
Narodnaya Volya or 'People's Will' was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization and left-wing terrorist group operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the Tsarist system.
Mark Natanson was born in 1850 in Švenčionys, Lithuania to a Lithuanian Jewish family. In September 1893, at the constituent congress in Saratovhe he helped found a new Marxist group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya)
The organization’s headquarters were in Oryol and they ran a printing house in Smolensk, which printed the group’s manifesto and revolutionary brochures.Narodnaya Volya also endorsed political terrorism as a tactic and in 1881, they assassinated Tsar Alexander II by bombing his carriage.
The assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 marked the high-water mark of Narodnaya Volya as a factor in Russian politics. While the assassination did not end the Tsarist regime, the government ran scared in the aftermath of the bomb that killed him, with the formal coronation ceremony of Tsar Alexander III postponed for more than two years due to security concerns
Vladimir Lenin's elder brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, was a later member of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. The plot was exposed and Lenin’s elder brother was sentenced to death. Ulyanov and his comrades conspired to assassinate Alexander III of Russia. On 1 March 1887 (Julian calendar), the day of the sixth anniversary of Alexander II's murder.
Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother Vladimir Lenin to pursue the Russian revolutionary struggle ever more fervently.
In April 1894, Narodnaya Volya was liquidated by the police administrator Sergei Zubatov, and its leaders were arrested.In 1904 Natanson, former leader of the Peoples Will emigrated to Switzerland, where he met none other then Vladimir Lenin.
Narodnaya Volya or 'People's Will' was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization and left-wing terrorist group operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the Tsarist system.
Mark Natanson was born in 1850 in Švenčionys, Lithuania to a Lithuanian Jewish family. In September 1893, at the constituent congress in Saratovhe he helped found a new Marxist group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya)
The organization’s headquarters were in Oryol and they ran a printing house in Smolensk, which printed the group’s manifesto and revolutionary brochures.Narodnaya Volya also endorsed political terrorism as a tactic and in 1881, they assassinated Tsar Alexander II by bombing his carriage.
The assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 marked the high-water mark of Narodnaya Volya as a factor in Russian politics. While the assassination did not end the Tsarist regime, the government ran scared in the aftermath of the bomb that killed him, with the formal coronation ceremony of Tsar Alexander III postponed for more than two years due to security concerns
Vladimir Lenin's elder brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, was a later member of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. The plot was exposed and Lenin’s elder brother was sentenced to death. Ulyanov and his comrades conspired to assassinate Alexander III of Russia. On 1 March 1887 (Julian calendar), the day of the sixth anniversary of Alexander II's murder.
Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother Vladimir Lenin to pursue the Russian revolutionary struggle ever more fervently.
In April 1894, Narodnaya Volya was liquidated by the police administrator Sergei Zubatov, and its leaders were arrested.In 1904 Natanson, former leader of the Peoples Will emigrated to Switzerland, where he met none other then Vladimir Lenin.
25.04.202511:09
Source: The Associated press 1933
BERLIN, March 31—(Friday)—(AP)—Nazi charges that the Jews of the world were responsible for the World war, and nazi declarations that repressive measures against Jews will continue "until victory is ours," set the tone today for the nationwide Jewish boycott which is to begin at 10 a. m. tomorrow.
The central boycott committee of the national socialist party issued fiery appeals to followers of Chancellor Hitler throughout the nation, instructing them in the part they are to play in the boycott against Jewish business men, attorneys and physicians.
In the proclamation, made public at Munich and printed in the Voelkischer Beobachter, the Hitlerite organ, the committee said:
"Judah is stabbing Germany in the back with the same methods it employed to perpetrate the criminal World war. Again Judah is at work caluminating[sic] the German people as Huns and barbarians."
BERLIN, March 31—(Friday)—(AP)—Nazi charges that the Jews of the world were responsible for the World war, and nazi declarations that repressive measures against Jews will continue "until victory is ours," set the tone today for the nationwide Jewish boycott which is to begin at 10 a. m. tomorrow.
The central boycott committee of the national socialist party issued fiery appeals to followers of Chancellor Hitler throughout the nation, instructing them in the part they are to play in the boycott against Jewish business men, attorneys and physicians.
In the proclamation, made public at Munich and printed in the Voelkischer Beobachter, the Hitlerite organ, the committee said:
"Judah is stabbing Germany in the back with the same methods it employed to perpetrate the criminal World war. Again Judah is at work caluminating[sic] the German people as Huns and barbarians."
23.04.202502:50
The Brno Death March Part 2:
The exact number of fatalities is still disputed among historians.
The Brno Death March was part of a larger wave of expulsions that affected millions of ethnic Germans across Eastern Europe, including Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia.
Soviet leaders publicly endorsed the idea of expelling ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. This rhetoric helped create a climate of acceptability and even encouragement for the expulsions.
The exact number of fatalities is still disputed among historians.
The Brno Death March was part of a larger wave of expulsions that affected millions of ethnic Germans across Eastern Europe, including Poland, Hungary, and Yugoslavia.
Soviet leaders publicly endorsed the idea of expelling ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe. This rhetoric helped create a climate of acceptability and even encouragement for the expulsions.
22.04.202515:12
The Lend Lease Act: How the US Saved the Soviet Union
Even before the United States entered World War II in December 1941, America sent arms and equipment to the Soviet Union to help it defeat the Germans. Totaling $11.3 billion, or $180 billion in today’s currency, the Lend-Lease Act of the United States supplied needed goods to the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1945 in support of what Stalin described to Roosevelt as the “enormous and difficult fight against the common enemy — bloodthirsty Hitlerism.”
400,000 jeeps & trucks
14,000 airplanes
8,000 tractors
13,000 tanks
1.5 million blankets
15 million pairs of army boots
107,000 tons of cotton
2.7 million tons of petrol products
4.5 million tons of food
It has been estimated that American deliveries to the USSR through the Persian Corridor alone were sufficient, by US Army standards, to maintain sixty combat divisions in the line.
Most famously, Soviet leader Josef Stalin raised a toast to the Lend-Lease program at the November 1943 Tehran conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt.
Stalin said: "The most important things in this war are the machines.... The United States is a country of machines. Without the machines we received through Lend-Lease, we would have lost the war."
Nikita Khrushchev offered the same opinion:
"If the United States had not helped us, we would not have won the war," he wrote in his memoirs.
Khrushchev also wrote in his memoirs:
"One-on-one against Hitler's Germany, we would not have withstood its onslaught and would have lost the war. No one talks about this officially, and Stalin never, I think, left any written traces of his opinion, but I can say that he expressed this view several times in conversations with me."
Even the Soviet Unions leaders admitted they would of lost to Germany without the United States propping it up.
Even before the United States entered World War II in December 1941, America sent arms and equipment to the Soviet Union to help it defeat the Germans. Totaling $11.3 billion, or $180 billion in today’s currency, the Lend-Lease Act of the United States supplied needed goods to the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1945 in support of what Stalin described to Roosevelt as the “enormous and difficult fight against the common enemy — bloodthirsty Hitlerism.”
400,000 jeeps & trucks
14,000 airplanes
8,000 tractors
13,000 tanks
1.5 million blankets
15 million pairs of army boots
107,000 tons of cotton
2.7 million tons of petrol products
4.5 million tons of food
It has been estimated that American deliveries to the USSR through the Persian Corridor alone were sufficient, by US Army standards, to maintain sixty combat divisions in the line.
Most famously, Soviet leader Josef Stalin raised a toast to the Lend-Lease program at the November 1943 Tehran conference with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt.
Stalin said: "The most important things in this war are the machines.... The United States is a country of machines. Without the machines we received through Lend-Lease, we would have lost the war."
Nikita Khrushchev offered the same opinion:
"If the United States had not helped us, we would not have won the war," he wrote in his memoirs.
Khrushchev also wrote in his memoirs:
"One-on-one against Hitler's Germany, we would not have withstood its onslaught and would have lost the war. No one talks about this officially, and Stalin never, I think, left any written traces of his opinion, but I can say that he expressed this view several times in conversations with me."
Even the Soviet Unions leaders admitted they would of lost to Germany without the United States propping it up.
20.04.202518:37
Joseph Stalin, in concert with other communist leaders, planned to expel all ethnic Germans from that fell inside the Soviet occupation zones in Central and Eastern Europe.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
17.04.202520:51
Goloshchyokin was born 9 March 1876 in Nevel to a family of Jewish contractors, his true birth name is unkown. On 19 February 1925, he was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in the newly created Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic. From 1925 to 1933 he ran the Kazakh ASSR with virtually no outside interference as a local dictator. Goloshchyokin ordered that Kazakhstan's largely nomadic population was to be forced to settle in collective farms.
This caused a deadly famine in Kazakhstan known within Kazakhstan as the Goloshchekin Genocide. Roughly 25% of all Kazakhs died, the highest number of any ethnic group killed per capita in the Soviet famines of the early 1930s.
Filipp Goloshchyokin also played a significant role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918. When he arrived in Moscow on July 3, 1918, insisting on the tsar's death. He met with key figures like Lenin, Sverdlov, and Felix Dzerzhinsky, who agreed that the tsar should be killed without delay.
This caused a deadly famine in Kazakhstan known within Kazakhstan as the Goloshchekin Genocide. Roughly 25% of all Kazakhs died, the highest number of any ethnic group killed per capita in the Soviet famines of the early 1930s.
Filipp Goloshchyokin also played a significant role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918. When he arrived in Moscow on July 3, 1918, insisting on the tsar's death. He met with key figures like Lenin, Sverdlov, and Felix Dzerzhinsky, who agreed that the tsar should be killed without delay.
16.04.202517:28
The Jewish Socialist Who Assassinated Russias Third Prime Minister:
Born Mordechai Gershkovich Bogrov into a family of Jewish merchants in Kiev (Russian Empire), Bogrov, while simultaneously acting as an anarchist revolutionary, had been an agent of
the Okhrana secret police since 1906, informing on the activities of Socialist Revolutionaries, Social Democrats and anarchists.
He was the one who would later assassinate Stolypin. Stolypin was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination.
Stolypin traveled to Kiev despite police warnings of an assassination plot, as there had already been 10 attempts to kill him. On 14 September [O.S. 1 September] 1911, Stolypin attended a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera in the presence of the Tsar and his eldest daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was guarded by 90 men inside the building.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act:
"Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Sukhomlinov."
His personal bodyguard had stepped out to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest, by Dmitry Bogrov, a Jewish leftist revolutionary. Bogrov ran to one of the entrances and was caught.
Stolypin rose from his chair, removed his gloves and unbuttoned his jacket, exposing a blood-soaked waistcoat. He gave a gesture to tell the Tsar to go back and made the sign of the cross. He remained conscious, but his condition deteriorated. He died four days later.
Bogrov was hanged 10 days after the assassination.
Born Mordechai Gershkovich Bogrov into a family of Jewish merchants in Kiev (Russian Empire), Bogrov, while simultaneously acting as an anarchist revolutionary, had been an agent of
the Okhrana secret police since 1906, informing on the activities of Socialist Revolutionaries, Social Democrats and anarchists.
He was the one who would later assassinate Stolypin. Stolypin was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination.
Stolypin traveled to Kiev despite police warnings of an assassination plot, as there had already been 10 attempts to kill him. On 14 September [O.S. 1 September] 1911, Stolypin attended a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera in the presence of the Tsar and his eldest daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was guarded by 90 men inside the building.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act:
"Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Sukhomlinov."
His personal bodyguard had stepped out to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest, by Dmitry Bogrov, a Jewish leftist revolutionary. Bogrov ran to one of the entrances and was caught.
Stolypin rose from his chair, removed his gloves and unbuttoned his jacket, exposing a blood-soaked waistcoat. He gave a gesture to tell the Tsar to go back and made the sign of the cross. He remained conscious, but his condition deteriorated. He died four days later.
Bogrov was hanged 10 days after the assassination.
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