History of Marxism
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Канал құрылған күніOct 05, 2020
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Sep 18, 2024"History of Marxism" тобындағы соңғы жазбалар
20.04.202518:38
Part 2:
The removals occurred in three overlapping phases, the first of which was the organized evacuation of ethnic Germans by the German government in the face of the advancing Red Army, from mid-1944 to early 1945.
The second phase was the disorganised fleeing of ethnic Germans immediately following the Wehrmacht's defeat. The third phase was a more organised expulsion following the Allied leaders' Potsdam Agreement,which redefined the Central European borders and approved expulsions of ethnic Germans from the former German territories transferred to Poland, Russia and Czechoslovakia.
Many German civilians were sent to internment and labour camps where they were used as forced labour as part of German reparations to countries in eastern Europe.
The major motivations for the explusions were:
View of a German minority as potentially troublesome: From the Soviet perspective, shared by the communist administrations installed in Soviet-occupied Europe
Another motivation was to punish the Germans. The Allies declared them collectively guilty of German war crimes.
One of the reasons given for the population transfer of Germans from the former eastern territories of Germany was the claim that these areas had been a stronghold of the Nazi movement. Neither Stalin nor the other influential advocates of this argument required that expellees be checked for their political attitudes or their activities. Even in the few cases when this happened the expellees were proven to have been bystanders.
The removals occurred in three overlapping phases, the first of which was the organized evacuation of ethnic Germans by the German government in the face of the advancing Red Army, from mid-1944 to early 1945.
The second phase was the disorganised fleeing of ethnic Germans immediately following the Wehrmacht's defeat. The third phase was a more organised expulsion following the Allied leaders' Potsdam Agreement,which redefined the Central European borders and approved expulsions of ethnic Germans from the former German territories transferred to Poland, Russia and Czechoslovakia.
Many German civilians were sent to internment and labour camps where they were used as forced labour as part of German reparations to countries in eastern Europe.
The major motivations for the explusions were:
View of a German minority as potentially troublesome: From the Soviet perspective, shared by the communist administrations installed in Soviet-occupied Europe
Another motivation was to punish the Germans. The Allies declared them collectively guilty of German war crimes.
One of the reasons given for the population transfer of Germans from the former eastern territories of Germany was the claim that these areas had been a stronghold of the Nazi movement. Neither Stalin nor the other influential advocates of this argument required that expellees be checked for their political attitudes or their activities. Even in the few cases when this happened the expellees were proven to have been bystanders.
20.04.202518:37
Joseph Stalin, in concert with other communist leaders, planned to expel all ethnic Germans from that fell inside the Soviet occupation zones in Central and Eastern Europe.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
19.04.202504:14
Like other leaders who have crossed the Zionists, Sultan Adulhamid II appears to have sealed his fate with the Jewish Dönmeh with this statement to his Ottoman court:
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
19.04.202504:13
The Most Powerful Mobster in the World, Russian-Jewish Crime Boss Semion Mogilevich
Semion Mogilevich, a Jewish-born Russian organized crime boss, is widely regarded as the "boss of bosses" of most Russian Mafia syndicates globally. Dubbed "the most dangerous mobster in the world" by the US government, Mogilevich has been a formidable figure in the international underworld since the 1990s.
As the ruthless leader of the Red Mafia, he's been described as "the world's most powerful gangster." His alleged crimes include extortion, large-scale drug trafficking, prostitution, and nuclear weapons trading, once posing an existential threat to Eastern Europe.
Mogilevich holds dual citizenship in Israel and Russia. In the 1980s, he helped Russian and Ukrainian Jews emigrate to Israel, often assisting with asset transfers, but reportedly sometimes stealing from them.
Until 1998, Inkombank (controlled by Mogilevich's group) and Bank Menatep were allegedly involved in a $10 billion money-laundering scheme through the Bank of New York. The US government has accused Semion Mogilevich of "weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale."
Mogilevich reportedly had connections with Robert Maxwell, father of Ghislaine Maxwell, and Jeffrey Epstein. According to reports, Robert Maxwell obtained Israeli passports for Mogilevich and 23 associates in 1988, which facilitated his global criminal operations.
British journalists Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon claim in their book "Robert Maxwell: Superspy" that Robert Maxwell and Mogilevich were business partners. As Nina Burleigh notes in Rolling Stone, Maxwell facilitated connections between the KGB, Mossad, and emerging Russian oligarchs in the 1980s, establishing around 400 companies allegedly used for money laundering.
Semion Mogilevich's relationship with Vladimir Putin is shrouded in speculation, but it's widely believed that Putin has provided Mogilevich with protection and support. Mogilevich's ability to live openly in Moscow despite being on the FBI's Most Wanted list suggests that he enjoys a level of protection from the Russian government. Allegations have also surfaced about Putin acting as Mogilevich's "krisha" or protector in the past. It's obvious that Mogilevich's influence and operations are somehow shielded by powerful figures in Russia.
Semion Mogilevich, a Jewish-born Russian organized crime boss, is widely regarded as the "boss of bosses" of most Russian Mafia syndicates globally. Dubbed "the most dangerous mobster in the world" by the US government, Mogilevich has been a formidable figure in the international underworld since the 1990s.
As the ruthless leader of the Red Mafia, he's been described as "the world's most powerful gangster." His alleged crimes include extortion, large-scale drug trafficking, prostitution, and nuclear weapons trading, once posing an existential threat to Eastern Europe.
Mogilevich holds dual citizenship in Israel and Russia. In the 1980s, he helped Russian and Ukrainian Jews emigrate to Israel, often assisting with asset transfers, but reportedly sometimes stealing from them.
Until 1998, Inkombank (controlled by Mogilevich's group) and Bank Menatep were allegedly involved in a $10 billion money-laundering scheme through the Bank of New York. The US government has accused Semion Mogilevich of "weapons trafficking, contract murders, extortion, drug trafficking, and prostitution on an international scale."
Mogilevich reportedly had connections with Robert Maxwell, father of Ghislaine Maxwell, and Jeffrey Epstein. According to reports, Robert Maxwell obtained Israeli passports for Mogilevich and 23 associates in 1988, which facilitated his global criminal operations.
British journalists Gordon Thomas and Martin Dillon claim in their book "Robert Maxwell: Superspy" that Robert Maxwell and Mogilevich were business partners. As Nina Burleigh notes in Rolling Stone, Maxwell facilitated connections between the KGB, Mossad, and emerging Russian oligarchs in the 1980s, establishing around 400 companies allegedly used for money laundering.
Semion Mogilevich's relationship with Vladimir Putin is shrouded in speculation, but it's widely believed that Putin has provided Mogilevich with protection and support. Mogilevich's ability to live openly in Moscow despite being on the FBI's Most Wanted list suggests that he enjoys a level of protection from the Russian government. Allegations have also surfaced about Putin acting as Mogilevich's "krisha" or protector in the past. It's obvious that Mogilevich's influence and operations are somehow shielded by powerful figures in Russia.
17.04.202520:51
Part 2:
On July 17, 1918, the Romanov family was executed. Goloshchyokin oversaw the disposal of the remains with Yurovsky. He also ensured that items from the Romanov's quarters were transported to Moscow.
When the corpses were being loaded onto a truck, Goloshchyokin murmured, "So this is the end of the Romanov Dynasty, is it...", to which Mikhail Kudrin responded, "No, not yet; there is still much work to be done". Goloshchyokin also sneered at the dead tsar, saying "Dogs deserve a dog's death" when he saw the dead body of the family's French Bulldog, Ortino.
On July 17, 1918, the Romanov family was executed. Goloshchyokin oversaw the disposal of the remains with Yurovsky. He also ensured that items from the Romanov's quarters were transported to Moscow.
When the corpses were being loaded onto a truck, Goloshchyokin murmured, "So this is the end of the Romanov Dynasty, is it...", to which Mikhail Kudrin responded, "No, not yet; there is still much work to be done". Goloshchyokin also sneered at the dead tsar, saying "Dogs deserve a dog's death" when he saw the dead body of the family's French Bulldog, Ortino.
17.04.202520:51
Goloshchyokin was born 9 March 1876 in Nevel to a family of Jewish contractors, his true birth name is unkown. On 19 February 1925, he was appointed First Secretary of the Communist Party in the newly created Kazakh Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic. From 1925 to 1933 he ran the Kazakh ASSR with virtually no outside interference as a local dictator. Goloshchyokin ordered that Kazakhstan's largely nomadic population was to be forced to settle in collective farms.
This caused a deadly famine in Kazakhstan known within Kazakhstan as the Goloshchekin Genocide. Roughly 25% of all Kazakhs died, the highest number of any ethnic group killed per capita in the Soviet famines of the early 1930s.
Filipp Goloshchyokin also played a significant role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918. When he arrived in Moscow on July 3, 1918, insisting on the tsar's death. He met with key figures like Lenin, Sverdlov, and Felix Dzerzhinsky, who agreed that the tsar should be killed without delay.
This caused a deadly famine in Kazakhstan known within Kazakhstan as the Goloshchekin Genocide. Roughly 25% of all Kazakhs died, the highest number of any ethnic group killed per capita in the Soviet famines of the early 1930s.
Filipp Goloshchyokin also played a significant role in the execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family in 1918. When he arrived in Moscow on July 3, 1918, insisting on the tsar's death. He met with key figures like Lenin, Sverdlov, and Felix Dzerzhinsky, who agreed that the tsar should be killed without delay.
16.04.202521:23
Larry Franklin — a former Pentagon analyst who pleaded guilty in 2005 to passing classified information to two officials of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a pro-Israel lobbying group. The charges came after Mr. Franklin “provided a draft presidential directive on Iran and other information to AIPAC,” which the lobby ground then “passed the material on to Israel.” At the time of the case, the “FBI raided AIPAC’s offices in Washington twice last year, obtaining computer files and serving grand jury subpoenas on four senior executives.
16.04.202519:51
Be sure to give my instagram a follow, I'd appreciate it.
Username: history_of_revolution
Username: history_of_revolution
16.04.202518:15
The First Major Socialist Terrorist Group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya) :
Narodnaya Volya or 'People's Will' was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization and left-wing terrorist group operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the Tsarist system.
Mark Natanson was born in 1850 in Švenčionys, Lithuania to a Lithuanian Jewish family. In September 1893, at the constituent congress in Saratovhe he helped found a new Marxist group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya)
The organization’s headquarters were in Oryol and they ran a printing house in Smolensk, which printed the group’s manifesto and revolutionary brochures.Narodnaya Volya also endorsed political terrorism as a tactic and in 1881, they assassinated Tsar Alexander II by bombing his carriage.
The assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 marked the high-water mark of Narodnaya Volya as a factor in Russian politics. While the assassination did not end the Tsarist regime, the government ran scared in the aftermath of the bomb that killed him, with the formal coronation ceremony of Tsar Alexander III postponed for more than two years due to security concerns
Vladimir Lenin's elder brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, was a later member of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. The plot was exposed and Lenin’s elder brother was sentenced to death. Ulyanov and his comrades conspired to assassinate Alexander III of Russia. On 1 March 1887 (Julian calendar), the day of the sixth anniversary of Alexander II's murder.
Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother Vladimir Lenin to pursue the Russian revolutionary struggle ever more fervently.
In April 1894, Narodnaya Volya was liquidated by the police administrator Sergei Zubatov, and its leaders were arrested.In 1904 Natanson, former leader of the Peoples Will emigrated to Switzerland, where he met none other then Vladimir Lenin.
Narodnaya Volya or 'People's Will' was a late 19th-century revolutionary socialist political organization and left-wing terrorist group operating in the Russian Empire, which conducted assassinations of government officials in an attempt to overthrow the Tsarist system.
Mark Natanson was born in 1850 in Švenčionys, Lithuania to a Lithuanian Jewish family. In September 1893, at the constituent congress in Saratovhe he helped found a new Marxist group, ‘The People’s Will’ AKA (Narodnaya Volya)
The organization’s headquarters were in Oryol and they ran a printing house in Smolensk, which printed the group’s manifesto and revolutionary brochures.Narodnaya Volya also endorsed political terrorism as a tactic and in 1881, they assassinated Tsar Alexander II by bombing his carriage.
The assassination of Tsar Alexander II on 13 March [O.S. 1 March] 1881 marked the high-water mark of Narodnaya Volya as a factor in Russian politics. While the assassination did not end the Tsarist regime, the government ran scared in the aftermath of the bomb that killed him, with the formal coronation ceremony of Tsar Alexander III postponed for more than two years due to security concerns
Vladimir Lenin's elder brother, Aleksandr Ulyanov, was a later member of a subsequent incarnation of Narodnaya Volya, and led a cell that plotted to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. The plot was exposed and Lenin’s elder brother was sentenced to death. Ulyanov and his comrades conspired to assassinate Alexander III of Russia. On 1 March 1887 (Julian calendar), the day of the sixth anniversary of Alexander II's murder.
Aleksandr's execution drove his younger brother Vladimir Lenin to pursue the Russian revolutionary struggle ever more fervently.
In April 1894, Narodnaya Volya was liquidated by the police administrator Sergei Zubatov, and its leaders were arrested.In 1904 Natanson, former leader of the Peoples Will emigrated to Switzerland, where he met none other then Vladimir Lenin.
16.04.202517:28
The Jewish Socialist Who Assassinated Russias Third Prime Minister:
Born Mordechai Gershkovich Bogrov into a family of Jewish merchants in Kiev (Russian Empire), Bogrov, while simultaneously acting as an anarchist revolutionary, had been an agent of
the Okhrana secret police since 1906, informing on the activities of Socialist Revolutionaries, Social Democrats and anarchists.
He was the one who would later assassinate Stolypin. Stolypin was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination.
Stolypin traveled to Kiev despite police warnings of an assassination plot, as there had already been 10 attempts to kill him. On 14 September [O.S. 1 September] 1911, Stolypin attended a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera in the presence of the Tsar and his eldest daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was guarded by 90 men inside the building.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act:
"Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Sukhomlinov."
His personal bodyguard had stepped out to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest, by Dmitry Bogrov, a Jewish leftist revolutionary. Bogrov ran to one of the entrances and was caught.
Stolypin rose from his chair, removed his gloves and unbuttoned his jacket, exposing a blood-soaked waistcoat. He gave a gesture to tell the Tsar to go back and made the sign of the cross. He remained conscious, but his condition deteriorated. He died four days later.
Bogrov was hanged 10 days after the assassination.
Born Mordechai Gershkovich Bogrov into a family of Jewish merchants in Kiev (Russian Empire), Bogrov, while simultaneously acting as an anarchist revolutionary, had been an agent of
the Okhrana secret police since 1906, informing on the activities of Socialist Revolutionaries, Social Democrats and anarchists.
He was the one who would later assassinate Stolypin. Stolypin was a Russian politician and statesman. He served as the third prime minister and the interior minister of the Russian Empire from 1906 until his assassination in 1911. Known as the greatest reformer of Russian society and economy, his reforms caused unprecedented growth of the Russian state, which was halted by his assassination.
Stolypin traveled to Kiev despite police warnings of an assassination plot, as there had already been 10 attempts to kill him. On 14 September [O.S. 1 September] 1911, Stolypin attended a performance of Rimsky-Korsakov's The Tale of Tsar Saltan at the Kiev Opera in the presence of the Tsar and his eldest daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana. The theater was guarded by 90 men inside the building.
According to Alexander Spiridovich, after the second act:
"Stolypin was standing in front of the ramp separating the parterre from the orchestra, his back to the stage. On his right were Baron Freedericks and Gen. Sukhomlinov."
His personal bodyguard had stepped out to smoke. Stolypin was shot twice, once in the arm and once in the chest, by Dmitry Bogrov, a Jewish leftist revolutionary. Bogrov ran to one of the entrances and was caught.
Stolypin rose from his chair, removed his gloves and unbuttoned his jacket, exposing a blood-soaked waistcoat. He gave a gesture to tell the Tsar to go back and made the sign of the cross. He remained conscious, but his condition deteriorated. He died four days later.
Bogrov was hanged 10 days after the assassination.
16.04.202516:19
White army propaganda poster
On top Lenin says: We drink for them, which we liberated from violence and hunger and gave them the opportunity to see the communist heaven.
Below it says: Communist heaven
The White Armies comprised a number of different groups, who operated independently and did not share a single ideology or political goal. Their leaders were conservative or moderate generals and political leaders, each with different goals and plans to achieve them, and most of these armies did not coordinate their actions. The chain of command in each, as well as individual members, differed, from experienced veterans of World War I to fresh volunteers.
On top Lenin says: We drink for them, which we liberated from violence and hunger and gave them the opportunity to see the communist heaven.
Below it says: Communist heaven
The White Armies comprised a number of different groups, who operated independently and did not share a single ideology or political goal. Their leaders were conservative or moderate generals and political leaders, each with different goals and plans to achieve them, and most of these armies did not coordinate their actions. The chain of command in each, as well as individual members, differed, from experienced veterans of World War I to fresh volunteers.
15.04.202516:42
Life Behind the Iron Curtain, East Germany Under the Stasi part 2:
The Stasi didn’t try to arrest every dissident. It preferred to paralyze them, and it could do so because it had access to so much personal information and to so many institutions.
Sometimes, the Stasi would play mischievous mind games with a target. They might, for example, enter his or her house and move the furniture around. Or, they might change the time on an alarm clock, or replace the tea bags with different types of teas, other tactics were similarly abusive. Reports exist of the Stasi arranging for a target to get deliberately incorrect medical treatment or to receive doctored photographs purporting to show him in a compromising position.
The Stasi didn’t try to arrest every dissident. It preferred to paralyze them, and it could do so because it had access to so much personal information and to so many institutions.
Sometimes, the Stasi would play mischievous mind games with a target. They might, for example, enter his or her house and move the furniture around. Or, they might change the time on an alarm clock, or replace the tea bags with different types of teas, other tactics were similarly abusive. Reports exist of the Stasi arranging for a target to get deliberately incorrect medical treatment or to receive doctored photographs purporting to show him in a compromising position.
15.04.202515:58
Life Behind the Iron Curtain, East Germany Under the Stasi:
What distinguished Stasi from other surveillance systems was the massive number of its informants.
In Germany, they were known as informal collaborators, or—“Inoffizieller Mitarbeiter”—IMs. Though estimates vary, we can say with confidence that in 1989, on the cusp of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the East German government employed more than 170,000 of these IMs.
When you consider that the entire population of the country was only 16 million at the time, this means that more than 1% of the population served as informants.
Zersetzung was a form of psychological harassment to wreak havoc on an individual, without any need to arrest or torture the target.
The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. Considering this, East Germany was a very modern dictatorship.
What distinguished Stasi from other surveillance systems was the massive number of its informants.
In Germany, they were known as informal collaborators, or—“Inoffizieller Mitarbeiter”—IMs. Though estimates vary, we can say with confidence that in 1989, on the cusp of the fall of the Berlin Wall, the East German government employed more than 170,000 of these IMs.
When you consider that the entire population of the country was only 16 million at the time, this means that more than 1% of the population served as informants.
Zersetzung was a form of psychological harassment to wreak havoc on an individual, without any need to arrest or torture the target.
The goal was to destroy secretly the self-confidence of people, for example by damaging their reputation, by organizing failures in their work, and by destroying their personal relationships. Considering this, East Germany was a very modern dictatorship.
15.04.202511:18
The poster reads "Peace and freedom in the Soviet Union"
White Army propaganda poster from the Russian Civil War era (1919), depicting a caricature Leon Trotsky as a large demon, and Chinese soldiers.
There was a notable number of them in the Red Army. They are depicted executing a prisoner and shoveling bones. Many Chinese were used as executioners in the Cheka and had a reputation as such among White Army soldiers.
White Army propaganda poster from the Russian Civil War era (1919), depicting a caricature Leon Trotsky as a large demon, and Chinese soldiers.
There was a notable number of them in the Red Army. They are depicted executing a prisoner and shoveling bones. Many Chinese were used as executioners in the Cheka and had a reputation as such among White Army soldiers.
14.04.202523:04
The Jewish Spies that Stole US Nuclear Secrets
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Jewish American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple was accused of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and valuable nuclear weapon designs; at that time the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons. Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 in the Sing Sing correctional facility in Ossining, New York.
Other convicted co-conspirators were sentenced to prison, including Ethel's brother, David Greenglass (who had made a plea agreement), Harry Gold, and Morton Sobell. Everyone charged happened to be Jewish, which added to the controversy.
Klaus Fuchs, a German scientist working in Los Alamos, was convicted in the United Kingdom. Fuchs had given key documents to the Soviets throughout the war.
Fuchs identified his courier as American Harry Gold, who was arrested on May 23, 1950.Gold confessed and identified David Greenglass as an additional source.
On June 15, 1950, David Greenglass was arrested by the FBI for espionage and soon confessed to having passed secret information on to the USSR through Gold. He also claimed that his sister Ethel's husband Julius Rosenberg had convinced David's wife Ruth to recruit him while visiting him in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1944. He said Julius had passed secrets and thus linked him to the Soviet contact agent Anatoli Yakovlev. This connection would be necessary as evidence if there was to be a conviction for espionage of the Rosenbergs.
Another accused conspirator, Morton Sobell, fled with his family to Mexico City after Greenglass was arrested. They took assumed names and he tried to figure out a way to reach Europe without a passport. Abandoning that effort, he returned to Mexico City. He claimed that he was kidnapped by members of the Mexican secret police and driven to the U.S. border, where he was arrested by U.S. forces.
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg were Jewish American citizens who were convicted of spying on behalf of the Soviet Union. The couple was accused of providing top-secret information about radar, sonar, jet propulsion engines, and valuable nuclear weapon designs; at that time the United States was the only country in the world with nuclear weapons. Convicted of espionage in 1951, they were executed by the federal government of the United States in 1953 in the Sing Sing correctional facility in Ossining, New York.
Other convicted co-conspirators were sentenced to prison, including Ethel's brother, David Greenglass (who had made a plea agreement), Harry Gold, and Morton Sobell. Everyone charged happened to be Jewish, which added to the controversy.
Klaus Fuchs, a German scientist working in Los Alamos, was convicted in the United Kingdom. Fuchs had given key documents to the Soviets throughout the war.
Fuchs identified his courier as American Harry Gold, who was arrested on May 23, 1950.Gold confessed and identified David Greenglass as an additional source.
On June 15, 1950, David Greenglass was arrested by the FBI for espionage and soon confessed to having passed secret information on to the USSR through Gold. He also claimed that his sister Ethel's husband Julius Rosenberg had convinced David's wife Ruth to recruit him while visiting him in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1944. He said Julius had passed secrets and thus linked him to the Soviet contact agent Anatoli Yakovlev. This connection would be necessary as evidence if there was to be a conviction for espionage of the Rosenbergs.
Another accused conspirator, Morton Sobell, fled with his family to Mexico City after Greenglass was arrested. They took assumed names and he tried to figure out a way to reach Europe without a passport. Abandoning that effort, he returned to Mexico City. He claimed that he was kidnapped by members of the Mexican secret police and driven to the U.S. border, where he was arrested by U.S. forces.
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14.04.202512:45
The genocide committed against the ethnic Germans of Russia comprised a series of mass murders and genocidal actions that unfolded in the 1910s, 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. In all, from 1915 to 1945, probably over one million Germans perished from unnatural causes under three successive Russian governments—those of Tsar Nicholas II, Lenin, and Stalin—chiefly by means of mass executions, forced labor, deliberate starvation, and brutal deportations.
During the Great Purge of 1936 to 1938, the Soviet government began targeting ethnic groups who were part of the intellectual class such as the Volga Germans, who were then subjected to forced deportation and extreme repression, some tens of thousands were also killed during the massacres in Belarus. They were deported eastward, which caused many thousands of deaths.
During the Great Purge of 1936 to 1938, the Soviet government began targeting ethnic groups who were part of the intellectual class such as the Volga Germans, who were then subjected to forced deportation and extreme repression, some tens of thousands were also killed during the massacres in Belarus. They were deported eastward, which caused many thousands of deaths.
13.04.202522:21
“Jews, Democrats, and Bolsheviks are the gravediggers of humanity. Therefore, we will fight until final victory”
U.S soldiers read National Socialist propaganda written on a wall in France, 1944.
U.S soldiers read National Socialist propaganda written on a wall in France, 1944.
13.04.202522:23
Female deaths in connection with the rapes in Germany, overall, are estimated at 240,000. Antony Beevor describes it as the "greatest phenomenon of mass rape in history" and concludes that at least 1.4 million were rape in east Prussia and Silesia alone.
In 2015, Antony Beevor's books were banned and censored in some Russian schools and colleges.
According to the Soviet war correspondent Natalya Gesse, Soviet soldiers raped German females from eight to eighty years old. Soviet and Polish women were not spared either. Geoffrey Roberts writes that the Red Army raped women in every country they passed through but mostly in Austria and Germany: 70,000–100,000 rapes in Vienna, and "hundreds of thousands" of rapes in Germany.
In 2015, Antony Beevor's books were banned and censored in some Russian schools and colleges.
According to the Soviet war correspondent Natalya Gesse, Soviet soldiers raped German females from eight to eighty years old. Soviet and Polish women were not spared either. Geoffrey Roberts writes that the Red Army raped women in every country they passed through but mostly in Austria and Germany: 70,000–100,000 rapes in Vienna, and "hundreds of thousands" of rapes in Germany.
10.04.202501:18
So sensitive to the Jewish question was the Soviet establishment that even the hint of so-called "hidden anti-semitism" was enough to cause expulsion from the Communist Party. Even criticizing someone who was Jewish was enough to cause dire consequences. For example:
"Two Ukrainian leaders, Grigory Petrovsky and Vlas Chubar, came to Moscow to personally complain to Stalin about Kaganovich's harsh measures in the Ukraine which were killing off all the most capable workers. Stalin defended Lazar Kaganovich and accused Petrovsky and Chubar of anti-semitism. Chubar was eventually shot, Petrovsky arrested, and Petrovsky's son was executed."
(Cantor, The Jewish Experience, pp 373.)
"Two Ukrainian leaders, Grigory Petrovsky and Vlas Chubar, came to Moscow to personally complain to Stalin about Kaganovich's harsh measures in the Ukraine which were killing off all the most capable workers. Stalin defended Lazar Kaganovich and accused Petrovsky and Chubar of anti-semitism. Chubar was eventually shot, Petrovsky arrested, and Petrovsky's son was executed."
(Cantor, The Jewish Experience, pp 373.)
19.04.202504:14
Like other leaders who have crossed the Zionists, Sultan Adulhamid II appears to have sealed his fate with the Jewish Dönmeh with this statement to his Ottoman court:
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
“Advise Dr. Herzl not to take any further steps in his project. I cannot give away even a handful of the soil of this land for it is not my own, it belongs to the entire Islamic nation. The Islamic nation fought jihad for the sake of this land and had watered it with their blood. The Jews may keep their money and millions. If the Islamic Khalifate state is one day destroyed then they will be able to take Palestine without a price! But while I am alive, I would rather push a sword into my body than see the land of Palestine cut and given away from the Islamic state.”
The Young Turks who dethroned Sultan Abdülhamid II in 1909 exiled the sultan to Thessaloniki and imprisoned him in the house of a Jewish banker called Allatini.
20.04.202518:37
Joseph Stalin, in concert with other communist leaders, planned to expel all ethnic Germans from that fell inside the Soviet occupation zones in Central and Eastern Europe.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
Between 1944 and 1948, millions of ethnic Germans were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe. By 1950, a total of approximately 12 million.
The death toll attributable to the flight and expulsions is disputed, with estimates ranging from 500,000–600,000 and up to 2 to 2.5 million. Refugee treks which came within reach of the advancing Soviets often suffered casualties when targeted by low-flying aircraft, and some people were crushed by Soviet tanks.
Көбірек мүмкіндіктерді ашу үшін кіріңіз.