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QOPHII QORMAATA KUTAA 12FFAA (BARNOOTA)
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MIIDIYAA GUDDAATU NUUF MALA!
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NA DUBBISI!
Hammuma barachuuf fedhii qabaattu "BARATTA".
Hammuma barattu immoo " QAYYABATTA".
Hammuma qayyabattu immo "HUBATTA".
Hammuma hubattu immoo "BEEKTA".
Hammuma beektu immoo "BEEKAA" taata.
"BARUMSI SI KEESSA JIRAACHUU CAALAA, BARUMSA KEESSA JIRAADHU"
GUYYAA GAARII!
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Hammuma barachuuf fedhii qabaattu "BARATTA".
Hammuma barattu immoo " QAYYABATTA".
Hammuma qayyabattu immo "HUBATTA".
Hammuma hubattu immoo "BEEKTA".
Hammuma beektu immoo "BEEKAA" taata.
"BARUMSI SI KEESSA JIRAACHUU CAALAA, BARUMSA KEESSA JIRAADHU"
GUYYAA GAARII!
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07.04.202519:27
Biology Questions on photosynthesis
1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Production of glucose
b) Generation of ATP and NADPH
c) Absorption of carbon dioxide
d) Release of oxygen
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) ATP
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
a) Production of NADPH
b) Absorption of light energy
c) Splitting water molecules
d) Release of oxygen
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
b) ATP
c) Glucose
d) Carbon dioxide
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADPH
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
a) Thylakoid membrane
b) Stroma
c) Grana
d) Cytoplasm
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
a) Capture of light energy
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
c) Production of ATP
d) Release of oxygen
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
b) Converted into glucose
c) Transferred to the light-dependent reactions
d) Released as waste products
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
b) NADPH
c) Water
d) Carbon dioxide
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
a) Splitting water molecules
b) Regeneration of RuBP
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
d) Production of glucose
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
a) They are released as waste products
b) They are used to produce ATP
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
d) They are converted into oxygen
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
b) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
c) NADP+
d) ATP
15. What is the overall purpose of both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) To produce oxygen for cellular respiration
b) To convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
c) To release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
d) To produce water as a byproduct
Answers @SAGALEESABAA
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1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Production of glucose
b) Generation of ATP and NADPH
c) Absorption of carbon dioxide
d) Release of oxygen
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) ATP
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
a) Production of NADPH
b) Absorption of light energy
c) Splitting water molecules
d) Release of oxygen
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
b) ATP
c) Glucose
d) Carbon dioxide
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADPH
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
a) Thylakoid membrane
b) Stroma
c) Grana
d) Cytoplasm
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
a) Capture of light energy
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
c) Production of ATP
d) Release of oxygen
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
b) Converted into glucose
c) Transferred to the light-dependent reactions
d) Released as waste products
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
b) NADPH
c) Water
d) Carbon dioxide
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
a) Splitting water molecules
b) Regeneration of RuBP
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
d) Production of glucose
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
a) They are released as waste products
b) They are used to produce ATP
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
d) They are converted into oxygen
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
b) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
c) NADP+
d) ATP
15. What is the overall purpose of both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) To produce oxygen for cellular respiration
b) To convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
c) To release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
d) To produce water as a byproduct
Answers @SAGALEESABAA
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07.04.202519:27
✅Answer
1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Generation of ATP and NADPH
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
b) Thylakoid membrane
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
c) Splitting water molecules
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
b) Glucose
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
b) Stroma
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
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@SAGALEESABAA
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1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Generation of ATP and NADPH
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
b) Thylakoid membrane
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
c) Splitting water molecules
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
b) Glucose
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
b) Stroma
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
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15.04.202513:30
📌 20 chemistry multiple-choice questions with their answers:
1. What is the atomic number of carbon?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 14
D) 8
Answer: A) 6
2. Which of the following is a noble gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Argon
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Argon
3. What is the chemical formula for water?
A) H2O2
B) H2O
C) O2H
D) H2O3
Answer: B) H2O
4. Which of the following represents a chemical change?
A) Melting ice
B) Dissolving sugar in water
C) Rusting iron
D) Boiling water
Answer: C) Rusting iron
5. What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Metallic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: B) Covalent bond
6. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer: B) 7
7. Which of the following is an exothermic reaction?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Combustion
C) Melting ice
D) Dissolving salt in water
Answer: B) Combustion
8. What is the molar mass of water (H2O)?
A) 16 g/mol
B) 18 g/mol
C) 20 g/mol
D) 14 g/mol
Answer: B) 18 g/mol
9. Which of the following elements is most electronegative?
A) Fluorine
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Chlorine
Answer: A) Fluorine
10. What is the main component of natural gas?
A) Propane
B) Ethanol
C) Methane
D) Butane
Answer: C) Methane
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1. What is the atomic number of carbon?
A) 6
B) 12
C) 14
D) 8
Answer: A) 6
2. Which of the following is a noble gas?
A) Oxygen
B) Nitrogen
C) Argon
D) Hydrogen
Answer: C) Argon
3. What is the chemical formula for water?
A) H2O2
B) H2O
C) O2H
D) H2O3
Answer: B) H2O
4. Which of the following represents a chemical change?
A) Melting ice
B) Dissolving sugar in water
C) Rusting iron
D) Boiling water
Answer: C) Rusting iron
5. What type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs?
A) Ionic bond
B) Covalent bond
C) Metallic bond
D) Hydrogen bond
Answer: B) Covalent bond
6. What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) 1
Answer: B) 7
7. Which of the following is an exothermic reaction?
A) Photosynthesis
B) Combustion
C) Melting ice
D) Dissolving salt in water
Answer: B) Combustion
8. What is the molar mass of water (H2O)?
A) 16 g/mol
B) 18 g/mol
C) 20 g/mol
D) 14 g/mol
Answer: B) 18 g/mol
9. Which of the following elements is most electronegative?
A) Fluorine
B) Oxygen
C) Nitrogen
D) Chlorine
Answer: A) Fluorine
10. What is the main component of natural gas?
A) Propane
B) Ethanol
C) Methane
D) Butane
Answer: C) Methane
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07.04.202519:36
Biology Questions on photosynthesis
1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Production of glucose
b) Generation of ATP and NADPH
c) Absorption of carbon dioxide
d) Release of oxygen
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) ATP
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
a) Production of NADPH
b) Absorption of light energy
c) Splitting water molecules
d) Release of oxygen
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
b) ATP
c) Glucose
d) Carbon dioxide
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADPH
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
a) Thylakoid membrane
b) Stroma
c) Grana
d) Cytoplasm
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
a) Capture of light energy
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
c) Production of ATP
d) Release of oxygen
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
b) Converted into glucose
c) Transferred to the light-dependent reactions
d) Released as waste products
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
b) NADPH
c) Water
d) Carbon dioxide
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
a) Splitting water molecules
b) Regeneration of RuBP
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
d) Production of glucose
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
a) They are released as waste products
b) They are used to produce ATP
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
d) They are converted into oxygen
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
b) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
c) NADP+
d) ATP
15. What is the overall purpose of both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) To produce oxygen for cellular respiration
b) To convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
c) To release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
d) To produce water as a byproduct
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1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Production of glucose
b) Generation of ATP and NADPH
c) Absorption of carbon dioxide
d) Release of oxygen
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
a) Stroma
b) Thylakoid membrane
c) Cytoplasm
d) Nucleus
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Glucose
d) ATP
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
a) Production of NADPH
b) Absorption of light energy
c) Splitting water molecules
d) Release of oxygen
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
b) ATP
c) Glucose
d) Carbon dioxide
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
a) Oxygen
b) Glucose
c) ATP
d) NADPH
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
a) Thylakoid membrane
b) Stroma
c) Grana
d) Cytoplasm
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
a) Capture of light energy
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
c) Production of ATP
d) Release of oxygen
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 6
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
b) Converted into glucose
c) Transferred to the light-dependent reactions
d) Released as waste products
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
b) NADPH
c) Water
d) Carbon dioxide
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
a) Splitting water molecules
b) Regeneration of RuBP
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
d) Production of glucose
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
a) They are released as waste products
b) They are used to produce ATP
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
d) They are converted into oxygen
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
b) G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)
c) NADP+
d) ATP
15. What is the overall purpose of both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) To produce oxygen for cellular respiration
b) To convert light energy into chemical energy (ATP and NADPH)
c) To release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
d) To produce water as a byproduct
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15.04.202514:17
⚠️ KANA BEEKTUU LAATA?
Akkam jirtu barattootaa?
Barnoonni nuti isiniif dhiheessaa jirru maal fakkaata?
Oduu gaddaa qabannee dhihaanneen Chaanaaliin keenya barnoota isiniif dabarsaa jiru akka adda kunnuuf nu dirqisiisaa jira.
Sababni isaa Chaanaaliin keenya hanqinoota garaa garaan warning ta'ee jira.
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Barnoota keenya itti fufsiisuun dirqama Lammummaa bahaa.
Namoonni chaanaalii fi garee qabdan akkasumas Namoonni hirriyoota telegram keessan irra qabdan akka nuuf affeeruun hojii keenya galmaan gahaa.
Lammiin Lammiif wolmalee homaan qabnu. ''Sa'a abbaan gaafa cabse ormi ija jaamsa'' jedha oromoon yoo nuti walhin barsiifne eenyutu nu barsiisa?
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Akkam jirtu barattootaa?
Barnoonni nuti isiniif dhiheessaa jirru maal fakkaata?
Oduu gaddaa qabannee dhihaanneen Chaanaaliin keenya barnoota isiniif dabarsaa jiru akka adda kunnuuf nu dirqisiisaa jira.
Sababni isaa Chaanaaliin keenya hanqinoota garaa garaan warning ta'ee jira.
Kanaaf akka nuti itti fufnu namoonni barbaadda yoo jiraattan post keenya namoota mobile keessan irra jiraniif share godhaa.
Barnoota keenya itti fufsiisuun dirqama Lammummaa bahaa.
Namoonni chaanaalii fi garee qabdan akkasumas Namoonni hirriyoota telegram keessan irra qabdan akka nuuf affeeruun hojii keenya galmaan gahaa.
Lammiin Lammiif wolmalee homaan qabnu. ''Sa'a abbaan gaafa cabse ormi ija jaamsa'' jedha oromoon yoo nuti walhin barsiifne eenyutu nu barsiisa?
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07.04.202519:22
📚Chemistry common questions about Periodic Table Trends
Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following properties generally INCREASES from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
a) Atomic radius
b) Ionization energy
c) Metallic character
d) Number of electron shells
Answer: b) Ionization energy
2. Which element has the highest electronegativity?
a) Fluorine (F)
b) Chlorine (Cl)
c) Francium (Fr)
d) Oxygen (O)
Answer: a) Fluorine (F)
3. As you move down a group in the periodic table, atomic radius generally:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Shows no consistent trend
Answer: a) Increases
4. Which of these elements would be expected to have the largest ionic radius?
a) Li⁺
b) Na⁺
c) K⁺
d) Rb⁺
Answer: d) Rb⁺
5. Which of the following elements has the lowest first ionization energy?
a) Helium (He)
b) Sodium (Na)
c) Neon (Ne)
d) Argon (Ar)
Answer: b) Sodium (Na)
6. Electron affinity is best defined as the:
a) Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
b) Tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.
c) Energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
d) Energy difference between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied energy levels.
Answer: c) Energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
7. Which of these elements exhibits the most metallic character?
a) Carbon (C)
b) Silicon (Si)
c) Germanium (Ge)
d) Tin (Sn)
Answer: d) Tin (Sn)
8. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about electronegativity?
a) It is the same as electron affinity.
b) It only applies to ionic bonds.
c) It is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond.
d) It increases down a group in the periodic table.
Answer: c) It is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond.
9. Elements in the same group (vertical column) of the periodic table share similar chemical properties. This is primarily because they have the same:
a) Number of protons
b) Atomic mass
c) Number of valence electrons
d) Number of neutrons
Answer: c) Number of valence electrons
10. Which of the following correctly explains the general trend of ionization energy in the periodic table?
a) Increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.
b) Decreases down a group due to increasing shielding effect.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b
11. Elements with high electronegativity tend to form:
a) Positive ions (cations)
b) Negative ions (anions)
c) Metallic bonds
d) No ions at all
Answer: b) Negative ions (anions)
12. Which of the following statements about atomic radius is FALSE?
a) Cations are smaller than their parent atoms.
b) Anions are larger than their parent atoms.
c) Atomic radius increases as you move to the right across a period.
d) Atomic radius is influenced by the number of electron shells.
Answer: c) Atomic radius increases as you move to the right across a period.
13. Which periodic trend is responsible for the increasing reactivity of alkali metals (Group 1) as you move down the group?
a) Decreasing ionization energy
b) Increasing electronegativity
c) Increasing electron affinity
d) Decreasing atomic radius
Answer: a) Decreasing ionization energy
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Instructions: Choose the single best answer for each question.
1. Which of the following properties generally INCREASES from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
a) Atomic radius
b) Ionization energy
c) Metallic character
d) Number of electron shells
Answer: b) Ionization energy
2. Which element has the highest electronegativity?
a) Fluorine (F)
b) Chlorine (Cl)
c) Francium (Fr)
d) Oxygen (O)
Answer: a) Fluorine (F)
3. As you move down a group in the periodic table, atomic radius generally:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains constant
d) Shows no consistent trend
Answer: a) Increases
4. Which of these elements would be expected to have the largest ionic radius?
a) Li⁺
b) Na⁺
c) K⁺
d) Rb⁺
Answer: d) Rb⁺
5. Which of the following elements has the lowest first ionization energy?
a) Helium (He)
b) Sodium (Na)
c) Neon (Ne)
d) Argon (Ar)
Answer: b) Sodium (Na)
6. Electron affinity is best defined as the:
a) Energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
b) Tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself in a chemical bond.
c) Energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
d) Energy difference between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied energy levels.
Answer: c) Energy released or absorbed when an electron is added to a neutral atom.
7. Which of these elements exhibits the most metallic character?
a) Carbon (C)
b) Silicon (Si)
c) Germanium (Ge)
d) Tin (Sn)
Answer: d) Tin (Sn)
8. Which of the following is a TRUE statement about electronegativity?
a) It is the same as electron affinity.
b) It only applies to ionic bonds.
c) It is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond.
d) It increases down a group in the periodic table.
Answer: c) It is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons in a covalent bond.
9. Elements in the same group (vertical column) of the periodic table share similar chemical properties. This is primarily because they have the same:
a) Number of protons
b) Atomic mass
c) Number of valence electrons
d) Number of neutrons
Answer: c) Number of valence electrons
10. Which of the following correctly explains the general trend of ionization energy in the periodic table?
a) Increases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge.
b) Decreases down a group due to increasing shielding effect.
c) Both a and b
d) Neither a nor b
Answer: c) Both a and b
11. Elements with high electronegativity tend to form:
a) Positive ions (cations)
b) Negative ions (anions)
c) Metallic bonds
d) No ions at all
Answer: b) Negative ions (anions)
12. Which of the following statements about atomic radius is FALSE?
a) Cations are smaller than their parent atoms.
b) Anions are larger than their parent atoms.
c) Atomic radius increases as you move to the right across a period.
d) Atomic radius is influenced by the number of electron shells.
Answer: c) Atomic radius increases as you move to the right across a period.
13. Which periodic trend is responsible for the increasing reactivity of alkali metals (Group 1) as you move down the group?
a) Decreasing ionization energy
b) Increasing electronegativity
c) Increasing electron affinity
d) Decreasing atomic radius
Answer: a) Decreasing ionization energy
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15.04.202507:36
Barataan foormulaalee kanneen sirritti hubate qorumsa biyyoolessaarratti yoo xiqqaate gaafilee 50 ni hojjata. Ati hubattee??
Dura guututti Hin Hubanne Yoo Tahe;- Yeroo Gahaa Qabdaatii Ammumarraa eegali!!
Foormulaa Maths Barataan kutaa 12ffaa tokko Beekuu Qabu.....
👉Arithmetic
1. Basic Operations:
• Addition: a + b
• Subtraction: a - b
• Multiplication: a × b or ab
• Division: a/b
2. Percentage:
Percentage = Part / Whol} × 100
👉Algebra
1. Quadratic Formula:
x = -b ± √(b² - 4ac) / 2a
for ax² + bx + c = 0 .
2. Factoring Formulas:
• Difference of Squares: a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)
• Perfect Square Trinomial: a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
3. Exponents:
• aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
• aᵐ/aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
• (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
4. Logarithms:
• Change of Base: logᵦ a = (logₖ a)/(logₖ b)
• logᵦ (xy) = logᵦ x + logᵦ y
• logᵦ ((x/y)) = logᵦ x - logᵦ y
👉Geometry
1. Area Formulas:
• Rectangle: A = l × w
• Triangle: A = ½ b h
• Circle: A = π r²
2. Perimeter Formulas:
• Rectangle: P = 2(l + w)
• Triangle: P = a + b + c
• Circle (Circumference): C = 2π r
3. Volume Formulas:
• Cube: V = s³
• Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
• Cylinder: V = π r² h
• Sphere: V = 4/3 π r³
4. Pythagorean Theorem:
a² + b² = c²
for a right triangle.
👉Trigonometry
1. Basic Trigonometric Ratios:
• Sine: sin(θ) = Opposite/Hypotenuse
• Cosine: cos(θ) = Adjacent/Hypotenuse
• Tangent: tan(θ) = Opposite/Adjacent
2. Pythagorean Identity:
sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1
3. Angle Sum and Difference Formulas:
• Sine:
• sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b
• sin(a - b) = sin a cos b - cos a sin b
• Cosine:
• cos(a + b) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
• cos(a - b) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
👉Calculus
1. Derivatives:
• Power Rule: f'(x) = nxⁿ⁻¹
• Sum Rule: (f + g)' = f' + g'
• Product Rule: (fg)' = f'g + fg'
• Quotient Rule: ((f/g))' = (f'g - fg')/g²
2. Integrals:
• Indefinite Integral:
∫xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹ / n+1 + C, n ≠ -1
• Definite Integral:
A = ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx
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👉Statistics
1. Mean (Average):
Mean = ∑ xᵢ / n
2. Median:
• Middle value when data is ordered.
3. Mode:
• Most frequently occurring value.
4. Standard Deviation:
For population:
σ = √((∑ (xᵢ - μ)²)N)/(``)
For sample:
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Dura guututti Hin Hubanne Yoo Tahe;- Yeroo Gahaa Qabdaatii Ammumarraa eegali!!
Foormulaa Maths Barataan kutaa 12ffaa tokko Beekuu Qabu.....
👉Arithmetic
1. Basic Operations:
• Addition: a + b
• Subtraction: a - b
• Multiplication: a × b or ab
• Division: a/b
2. Percentage:
Percentage = Part / Whol} × 100
👉Algebra
1. Quadratic Formula:
x = -b ± √(b² - 4ac) / 2a
for ax² + bx + c = 0 .
2. Factoring Formulas:
• Difference of Squares: a² - b² = (a - b)(a + b)
• Perfect Square Trinomial: a² + 2ab + b² = (a + b)²
3. Exponents:
• aᵐ × aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ
• aᵐ/aⁿ = aᵐ⁻ⁿ
• (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ
4. Logarithms:
• Change of Base: logᵦ a = (logₖ a)/(logₖ b)
• logᵦ (xy) = logᵦ x + logᵦ y
• logᵦ ((x/y)) = logᵦ x - logᵦ y
👉Geometry
1. Area Formulas:
• Rectangle: A = l × w
• Triangle: A = ½ b h
• Circle: A = π r²
2. Perimeter Formulas:
• Rectangle: P = 2(l + w)
• Triangle: P = a + b + c
• Circle (Circumference): C = 2π r
3. Volume Formulas:
• Cube: V = s³
• Rectangular Prism: V = lwh
• Cylinder: V = π r² h
• Sphere: V = 4/3 π r³
4. Pythagorean Theorem:
a² + b² = c²
for a right triangle.
👉Trigonometry
1. Basic Trigonometric Ratios:
• Sine: sin(θ) = Opposite/Hypotenuse
• Cosine: cos(θ) = Adjacent/Hypotenuse
• Tangent: tan(θ) = Opposite/Adjacent
2. Pythagorean Identity:
sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1
3. Angle Sum and Difference Formulas:
• Sine:
• sin(a + b) = sin a cos b + cos a sin b
• sin(a - b) = sin a cos b - cos a sin b
• Cosine:
• cos(a + b) = cos a cos b - sin a sin b
• cos(a - b) = cos a cos b + sin a sin b
👉Calculus
1. Derivatives:
• Power Rule: f'(x) = nxⁿ⁻¹
• Sum Rule: (f + g)' = f' + g'
• Product Rule: (fg)' = f'g + fg'
• Quotient Rule: ((f/g))' = (f'g - fg')/g²
2. Integrals:
• Indefinite Integral:
∫xⁿ dx = xⁿ⁺¹ / n+1 + C, n ≠ -1
• Definite Integral:
A = ∫ₐᵇ f(x) dx
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👉Statistics
1. Mean (Average):
Mean = ∑ xᵢ / n
2. Median:
• Middle value when data is ordered.
3. Mode:
• Most frequently occurring value.
4. Standard Deviation:
For population:
σ = √((∑ (xᵢ - μ)²)N)/(``)
For sample:
Good luck with your preparation time!📚
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“Your hard work today shapes your success tomorrow.”
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07.04.202519:36
✅Answer
1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Generation of ATP and NADPH
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
b) Thylakoid membrane
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
c) Splitting water molecules
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
b) Glucose
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
b) Stroma
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
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1. What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions in photosynthesis?
a) Generation of ATP and NADPH
2. Where do the light-dependent reactions take place in a plant cell?
b) Thylakoid membrane
3. Which molecule is split during the light-dependent reactions to release oxygen?
a) Water
4. What is the role of photosystem II in the light-dependent reactions?
c) Splitting water molecules
5. Which molecule acts as an electron carrier in the light-dependent reactions?
a) NADP+
6. What is the primary product of the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle)?
b) Glucose
7. In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle occur?
b) Stroma
8. What is the role of rubisco in the Calvin cycle?
b) Fixation of carbon dioxide
9. How many molecules of G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) are produced in one turn of the Calvin cycle?
a) 1
10. What is the fate of most of the G3P molecules produced in the Calvin cycle?
a) Used to regenerate RuBP
11. Which molecule is responsible for providing the energy needed for the Calvin cycle?
a) ATP
12. What is the role of the enzyme RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
c) Fixation of carbon dioxide
13. During the light-independent reactions, what happens to the carbon atoms from carbon dioxide?
c) They are incorporated into organic molecules
14. Which molecule is regenerated at the end of the Calvin cycle to continue the process?
a) RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate)
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15.04.202507:38
🎯Geography irratti Gaafilee waa'ee knowledge/Concept qabxiilee asii gadii kunneen dhufee?? Dhufe yoo tahe ati deebistee jirtaa??? Yoo hin deebisne tahe Maalif deebisuu dhabee dhiisii ammuma sirritti qabdhu!!
1. Geography: The study of Earth's surface, its physical features, and human activity.
2. Location: The position of something on Earth's surface.
3. Absolute Location: Exact location using coordinates (latitude, longitude).
4. Relative Location: Location in relation to other places.
5. Place: A specific point on Earth with unique human and physical characteristics.
6. Region: An area with unifying characteristics.
7. Formal Region: An area defined by a common characteristic.
8. Functional Region: An area defined by a common activity or interaction.
9. Perceptual Region: An area defined by subjective perceptions.
10. Scale: The relationship between distances on a map and distances on the ground.
11. Map: A representation of Earth's surface or part of it.
12. Map Projection: A way to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map.
13. Latitude: Lines running east-west that measure distance north and south of the equator.
14. Longitude: Lines running north-south that measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.
15. Equator: 0° latitude, dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
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16. Prime Meridian: 0° longitude, dividing Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
17. Hemisphere: Half of the Earth (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western).
18. Grid System: A network of lines (latitude and longitude) used for locating places.
19. Spatial: Relating to space.
20. Distribution: The arrangement of features on Earth's surface.
21. Pattern: The spatial arrangement of features.
22. Density: The number of features per unit area.
23. Dispersion: The pattern of spacing among individuals within a population.
24. Flow: Movement of people, goods, or information.
25. Distance Decay: The diminishing interaction between places as distance increases.
26. Diffusion: The spread of ideas, innovation, or disease.
27. Relocation Diffusion: The spread of an idea or innovation through physical movement.
28. Expansion Diffusion: The spread of an idea or innovation from a central source outward.
29. Globalization: Increasing interconnectedness of the world through economic, political, and cultural exchange.
30. Accessibility: The ease of reaching a place.
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31. Landform: A natural feature of the Earth's surface.
32. Mountain: A large landform that rises prominently above its surroundings.
33. Hill: A raised landform, smaller than a mountain.
34. Plateau: A flat, elevated landform.
35. Plain: A flat, low-lying landform.
36. Valley: A low area between hills or mountains.
37. Canyon: A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
38. Glacier: A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
39. River: A large natural stream of water flowing in a channel.
40. Lake: A large body of water surrounded by land.
41. Ocean: A large body of saltwater.
42. Coastline: The boundary between land and ocean or lake.
43. Erosion: The process by which soil and rock are worn away by natural forces.
44. Weathering: The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces.
45. Deposition: The process by which sediments are laid down.
46. Tectonic Plate: A large piece of Earth's lithosphere that moves.
47. Plate Boundary: The boundary between tectonic plates.
48. Earthquake: A sudden shaking of the Earth's crust due to movement of tectonic plates.
49. Volcano: A vent in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases erupt.
50. Climate: The long-term average weather pattern in a region.
51. Weather: The short-term atmosphere pattern
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1. Geography: The study of Earth's surface, its physical features, and human activity.
2. Location: The position of something on Earth's surface.
3. Absolute Location: Exact location using coordinates (latitude, longitude).
4. Relative Location: Location in relation to other places.
5. Place: A specific point on Earth with unique human and physical characteristics.
6. Region: An area with unifying characteristics.
7. Formal Region: An area defined by a common characteristic.
8. Functional Region: An area defined by a common activity or interaction.
9. Perceptual Region: An area defined by subjective perceptions.
10. Scale: The relationship between distances on a map and distances on the ground.
11. Map: A representation of Earth's surface or part of it.
12. Map Projection: A way to represent the curved surface of the Earth on a flat map.
13. Latitude: Lines running east-west that measure distance north and south of the equator.
14. Longitude: Lines running north-south that measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.
15. Equator: 0° latitude, dividing Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
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16. Prime Meridian: 0° longitude, dividing Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
17. Hemisphere: Half of the Earth (Northern, Southern, Eastern, Western).
18. Grid System: A network of lines (latitude and longitude) used for locating places.
19. Spatial: Relating to space.
20. Distribution: The arrangement of features on Earth's surface.
21. Pattern: The spatial arrangement of features.
22. Density: The number of features per unit area.
23. Dispersion: The pattern of spacing among individuals within a population.
24. Flow: Movement of people, goods, or information.
25. Distance Decay: The diminishing interaction between places as distance increases.
26. Diffusion: The spread of ideas, innovation, or disease.
27. Relocation Diffusion: The spread of an idea or innovation through physical movement.
28. Expansion Diffusion: The spread of an idea or innovation from a central source outward.
29. Globalization: Increasing interconnectedness of the world through economic, political, and cultural exchange.
30. Accessibility: The ease of reaching a place.
More @SAGALEESABAA
31. Landform: A natural feature of the Earth's surface.
32. Mountain: A large landform that rises prominently above its surroundings.
33. Hill: A raised landform, smaller than a mountain.
34. Plateau: A flat, elevated landform.
35. Plain: A flat, low-lying landform.
36. Valley: A low area between hills or mountains.
37. Canyon: A deep, narrow valley with steep sides.
38. Glacier: A large mass of ice that moves slowly over land.
39. River: A large natural stream of water flowing in a channel.
40. Lake: A large body of water surrounded by land.
41. Ocean: A large body of saltwater.
42. Coastline: The boundary between land and ocean or lake.
43. Erosion: The process by which soil and rock are worn away by natural forces.
44. Weathering: The breakdown of rocks into smaller pieces.
45. Deposition: The process by which sediments are laid down.
46. Tectonic Plate: A large piece of Earth's lithosphere that moves.
47. Plate Boundary: The boundary between tectonic plates.
48. Earthquake: A sudden shaking of the Earth's crust due to movement of tectonic plates.
49. Volcano: A vent in the Earth's crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases erupt.
50. Climate: The long-term average weather pattern in a region.
51. Weather: The short-term atmosphere pattern
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07.04.202520:09
Chaanaalli kun ijoollee keenya barnoota dabalataa barachuu barbaadanii fi sababa rakkoo garaaagaraan barnoota isaanii haalan barachuu hin dandeenyeefi miidhaa garaagaraatiin fiixaan bahiinsa dhabaniif gargaarsa ta'a jedhame kan banameedha.
Bara 2016 Barattoonni keenya qormaata biyyoolessaa baay'inaan darbuu dhabuun gadda guddaa nutti fidee jira.
Bara Kana immoo karoora addaa Qabannee jirra. Kan rakkate gargaaruudhaaf humna qabnuun, yeroo qabnuun, dandeetti qabnuun, gargaaruun yoom illee of hin qusannu.
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Bara Kana immoo karoora addaa Qabannee jirra. Kan rakkate gargaaruudhaaf humna qabnuun, yeroo qabnuun, dandeetti qabnuun, gargaaruun yoom illee of hin qusannu.
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23.04.202511:38
Basic Integration Formula
∫1 dx = x + C
∫ a dx = ax+ C
∫ (1/x) dx = ln |x| + C
∫ ex dx = ex+ C
∫ sin x dx = – cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ sec2x dx = tan x + C
∫ csc2x dx = -cot x + C
∫ sec x (tan x) dx = sec x + C
∫ csc x ( cot x) dx = – csc x + C
∫cosec2x.dx = -cotx + C
∫secx.tanx.dx = secx + C
∫cosecx.cotx.dx = -cosecx + C
∫tanx.dx =log|secx| + C
∫cotx.dx = log|sinx| + C
∫secx.dx = log|secx + tanx| + C
∫cosecx.dx = log|cosecx - cotx| + C
∫ ax dx = (ax/ln a) + C ; a>0, a≠1
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∫1 dx = x + C
∫ a dx = ax+ C
∫ (1/x) dx = ln |x| + C
∫ ex dx = ex+ C
∫ sin x dx = – cos x + C
∫ cos x dx = sin x + C
∫ sec2x dx = tan x + C
∫ csc2x dx = -cot x + C
∫ sec x (tan x) dx = sec x + C
∫ csc x ( cot x) dx = – csc x + C
∫cosec2x.dx = -cotx + C
∫secx.tanx.dx = secx + C
∫cosecx.cotx.dx = -cosecx + C
∫tanx.dx =log|secx| + C
∫cotx.dx = log|sinx| + C
∫secx.dx = log|secx + tanx| + C
∫cosecx.dx = log|cosecx - cotx| + C
∫ ax dx = (ax/ln a) + C ; a>0, a≠1
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20.04.202518:14
Answers:
1. d 2. b 3. d 4. b
5. b 6. a 7. a 8. a
9. a 10. c 11. c 12. a
13. a 14. d 15. d 16. d
17. d 18. a 19. b 20. b
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1. d 2. b 3. d 4. b
5. b 6. a 7. a 8. a
9. a 10. c 11. c 12. a
13. a 14. d 15. d 16. d
17. d 18. a 19. b 20. b
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18.04.202502:35
🏖Biology common Terms for Grade 12 Entrance Examinations
1. Cell: The basic unit of life; the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes.
2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms and is responsible for heredity.
3. Gene: A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or function.
4. Chromosome: A thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information; humans typically have 46 chromosomes.
5. Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair.
6. Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes (sperm and eggs).
7. Protein: A macromolecule made up of amino acids, essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
8. Enzyme: A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.
9. Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.
10. Respiration: The biochemical process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
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11. Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism despite external changes.
12. Ecosystem: A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment.
13. Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the number of species and genetic diversity.
14. Natural Selection: The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
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15. Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits and may affect an organism's ability to survive.
16. Allele: Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
17. Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.
18. Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents.
19. Autotroph: An organism that produces its own food from inorganic substances, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
20. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms for energy.
21. Cell Membrane: A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.
22. Nucleus: The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
23. Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.
24. Organelle: Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes).
25. Vesicle: A small membrane-bound sac within a cell that transports materials to different locations inside the cell. More @SAGALEESABAA
26. Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and neutralizes foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
27. Hormone: A chemical messenger produced by glands in the endocrine system that regulates physiological processes in the body.
28. Symbiosis: A close interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
29. Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at the same time.
30. Trophic Level: The position an organism occupies in a food chain, determined by its feeding relationships (e.g., producers, primary consumers).
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1. Cell: The basic unit of life; the smallest structure capable of performing all life processes.
2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): A molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms and is responsible for heredity.
3. Gene: A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or function.
4. Chromosome: A thread-like structure made of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information; humans typically have 46 chromosomes.
5. Mitosis: A type of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells, used for growth and repair.
6. Meiosis: A specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes (sperm and eggs).
7. Protein: A macromolecule made up of amino acids, essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
8. Enzyme: A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions in biological processes.
9. Photosynthesis: The process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using carbon dioxide and water.
10. Respiration: The biochemical process in which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
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11. Homeostasis: The maintenance of a stable internal environment within an organism despite external changes.
12. Ecosystem: A community of living organisms interacting with one another and their physical environment.
13. Biodiversity: The variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem, including the number of species and genetic diversity.
14. Natural Selection: The process by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring.
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15. Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to variations in traits and may affect an organism's ability to survive.
16. Allele: Different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome.
17. Phenotype: The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environment.
18. Genotype: The genetic constitution of an organism, representing the alleles inherited from its parents.
19. Autotroph: An organism that produces its own food from inorganic substances, typically through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
20. Heterotroph: An organism that cannot produce its own food and must consume other organisms for energy.
21. Cell Membrane: A phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.
22. Nucleus: The membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities.
23. Cytoplasm: The gel-like substance within the cell membrane that contains organelles and is the site of many metabolic processes.
24. Organelle: Specialized structures within a cell that perform distinct functions (e.g., mitochondria, ribosomes).
25. Vesicle: A small membrane-bound sac within a cell that transports materials to different locations inside the cell. More @SAGALEESABAA
26. Antibody: A protein produced by the immune system that recognizes and neutralizes foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.
27. Hormone: A chemical messenger produced by glands in the endocrine system that regulates physiological processes in the body.
28. Symbiosis: A close interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
29. Population: A group of individuals of the same species living in a specific area at the same time.
30. Trophic Level: The position an organism occupies in a food chain, determined by its feeding relationships (e.g., producers, primary consumers).
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12.04.202506:36
#National_ID
#Digital_ID
Barattoonni kaadhimamtoonni eebbifamtoonni dhaabbilee barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaa National ID Fayda baafachuu qabu.
National ID kun dhaabbileen barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaa odeeffannoo barattoota isaanii fi hojjettoota isaanii bifa qindaa'een akka qabataniif ni gargaara akkasumas qormaata sadarkaa biyyaalessaatti kennaman irratti faayidaa qaba jedhame.
Kanaanis dhaabbileen barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaas tahee kan mootummaa hunduu barattoota isaanii eebbifaman National ID Fayda akka baafatan akka taasisan fi lakkoofsa galmee National ID Fayda isaaniis akka ergan ibsameera.
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#Digital_ID
Barattoonni kaadhimamtoonni eebbifamtoonni dhaabbilee barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaa National ID Fayda baafachuu qabu.
National ID kun dhaabbileen barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaa odeeffannoo barattoota isaanii fi hojjettoota isaanii bifa qindaa'een akka qabataniif ni gargaara akkasumas qormaata sadarkaa biyyaalessaatti kennaman irratti faayidaa qaba jedhame.
Kanaanis dhaabbileen barnoota olaanoo dhuunfaas tahee kan mootummaa hunduu barattoota isaanii eebbifaman National ID Fayda akka baafatan akka taasisan fi lakkoofsa galmee National ID Fayda isaaniis akka ergan ibsameera.
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