Pysanka – a Magical Egg of Ukrainians
Spring is coming slowly but steadily, and as some Christians have already celebrated Easter while others are only preparing to celebrate it, very few of us really think how many Pagan-in-origin traditions are incorporated within this holiday. It is one of them I want to talk about right now – the Ukrainian tradition of “writing” pysanki.
Pysanka (literal translation is “written egg”) is a raw fertilized egg (traditionally perfect eggs for a pysanka would be taken from a young hen that laid eggs for the first time on the first New Moon of spring – a lot of “firsts” to notice, as spring is time for regeneration and renewal) inscribed with magical symbols that were traditionally inscribed on eggs for generations. Egg inscribed with any other “non-traditional” symbols is called “malevanka” (“painted egg”) and does not bear the same magical and ritual importance. Traditional colors for pysanka are white, yellow, red, and black, although in different regions of Ukraine orange, green and blue are also used. The symbols are inscribed (“written”) on the egg with a special tool named “kistka” or “pysachok” which technically is a small funnel attached to a stick. Back in the days kistki were made out of animal bones or chicken feathers. Pysankarka (a woman who specializes in making pysanki) starts preparing to her magical work in advance. First, she collects the water for the dyes. Water for the dyes has to be taken from 7 or 9 different wells and springs or at a junction of 3 streams early in the morning (3 – 4 am). While she carries the water back to her house, she has to remain silent and never look back. The water collected in such a way is called “mute” and doesn’t carry any energetic trace. They also say that water molten from March snow has almost the same powers, so it is very lucky to collect snow in March. Once at home, pysankarka prepares the dyes by steeping roots, herbs, and bark in water. Finally, dressed in everything new and clean, after taking a purifying bath, she lights a candle, scoops some beeswax into the funnel on her kistka, and warms the funnel on the candle-flame until the wax melts. After this, she starts inscribing with hot wax magical symbols that she learned from her ancestors on the pure white surface of the egg. Once she covered all the surfaces on the egg that she wishes to remain white with wax, she dips the egg in the lightest dye she has (usually, it’s yellow). While the egg is in the dye, pysankarka reads a special prayer or a spell during which she invokes the deities that are to help her in her magical working (usually those are female deities such as Lada, Mokosh, or Bogoroditsa (Virgin Mary), if pysankarka is a devoted Christian) and states the purpose of her work. Sometimes she may also invoke the deities or spirits, whose symbols she inscribed on the egg. After the egg is colored yellow, she covers with beeswax the areas she wishes to remain yellow, and dips the egg in a darker dye – traditionally, red. After a prayer or an incantation, she removes the now red egg from the dye, and repeats her process with the hot wax to cover the areas to remain red on the egg. Finally, the egg is being dipped in the darkest dye – black, which serves as a background. After removing the egg from the dye, she places it in a warm oven or carefully holds it over a candle-flame until the wax melts; then she wipes it away with a napkin. This last step finally reveals the brilliant colors on pysanka, and now the egg may be covered in oil or grease to keep it shiny.
The magical importance of an egg decorated in such a way is immense. First of all, it combines the triple symbolism of the egg itself, the colors it was dyed with, and the symbols inscribed on it. The egg in this instance represents the newly born world bearing good (and only good) wishes of pysankarka on it – ill-wishing on an egg could cause catastrophe as it was believed to alter the world as a whole.