National Socialism has always, always, with minor exceptions, been diametrically at odds with Fascist ideology. Here is why.
There is a reason that Chancellor Engelbert Dolfuss was assassinated by Austrian National Socialists in 1934, four years before Germany annexed Austria – the Fatherland Front persecuted National Socialist activists and legally forbade their activities, along with the Communists and Social Democrats. The Federal State of Austria (or Bundesstaat Österreich) was against racialist policies and did not ever implement them; it was a multiethnic, pro-Catholic, clerical one-party state. It was modeled after Italy's government under Benito Mussolini. This is because Fascism is ideologically against biological racialism.
There is a reason Mussolini did not decide to implement any racial laws in his nation for over a decade and a half – and even when the Manifesto of Race (or Manifesto della Razza) was passed, it was largely ignored and unenforced under the Italian authorities, that is, until the successor puppet state, the Italian Social Republic, came into power. From the beginning, Jews and other minorities enjoyed considerable protections with Italian citizenship and many other privileges, especially if they supported the ideology (and numerous did, in and outside the ruling party). It was a pro-Catholic, Conservative, multiethnic state. This is because Fascism is ideologically against biological racialism.
Similarly, in Franco's regime, which arguably was Fascist in character, no racial laws were ever introduced or passed. In fact, during World War II, many Jews fleeing Germany and elsewhere from the National Socialists and their collaborators found refuge safely into the Francoist Spanish State. Like Italy and Austria, and unlike Germany, it, too, was a pro-Catholic, Conservative, multiethnic social order. This is because Fascism is ideologically against biological racialism.
Fascism, unlike National Socialism, purports the supremacy and incontestable importance of the State, not Race. According to Giovanni Gentile, the founder of Fascism, "...'State' and 'individual' are terms that are inseparable in a necessary synthesis...", and, according to Mussolini, "Fascism accepts the individual only insofar as his interests coincide with the state's."
They are not synonymous ideological terms. Fascism and National Socialism not only are two entirely different worldviews and ways of life – but they ultimately contradict each other.
