Мир сегодня с "Юрий Подоляка"
Мир сегодня с "Юрий Подоляка"
Труха⚡️Україна
Труха⚡️Україна
Николаевский Ванёк
Николаевский Ванёк
Труха⚡️Україна
Труха⚡️Україна
Николаевский Ванёк
Николаевский Ванёк
Лёха в Short’ах Long’ует
Лёха в Short’ах Long’ует
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Sep 13, 2024

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Steel Tariffs in Two Pictures
Alex Tabarrok

Recall Principle 2 of Three Simple Principles of Trade Policy, Businesses are Consumers Too. Case in point, steel. Justin Wolfers summarizes an analysis of Trump’s 2018 steel tariffs:ImageGoing back further we have a good analysis from Lydia Cox of the Bush steel tariffs. Even though the tariffs were temporary, they led to a rearrangement of supply chains which led to long-lasting declines in exports and employment in steel using industries.MediaThe post Steel Tariffs in Two Pictures appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media CommentsIt's now the Gulf of America. And hopefully Greenland is next, ... by True, but what price joy?Related StoriesThe danger of Trump disobeying court ordersWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?Place Effects on Fertility Decision: Evidence from Mover Design 

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Place Effects on Fertility Decision: Evidence from Mover Design
Tyler Cowen

This paper investigates the causal impact of place-based factors on fertility decision using mover design and data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1968-2019). We find that moving to a state with a 1 percentage point higher birth rate increases the probability of childbirth by 0.9 percentage points, with cumulative effects reaching 3.8 percentage points three years post-move. The response demonstrates concentration among first births and exhibits systematic variation across demographic characteristics—with particularly pronounced effects observed among white women who are married, younger, and have higher income levels. Our variance decomposition shows the contribution of place effects to fertility variance increased from 4.7 percent to 26.0 percent before and after the Great Recession, with geographical variation in contraceptive access and healthcare infrastructure showing the strongest correlations with these place effects. This research emphasizes the importance of considering contextual factors in fertility research and policy interventions.That is from a new paper by Hantao Wu and Man Zhu.  Via the excellent Kevin Lewis.The post Place Effects on Fertility Decision: Evidence from Mover Design appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated StoriesDwarkesh’s QuestionThe danger of Trump disobeying court ordersChina fact of the day 

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Will stablecoins herald a broader-based dollarization?
Tyler Cowen

That is the topic of my latest Bloomberg column.  Here is one excerpt:Stablecoins are programmable crypto assets that promise conversion into some currency, typically US dollars. Currently, they are the fastest-growing sector of crypto. Stablecoin usage is up 84% since August 2023 and is now at a peak of $224 billion. The sympathetic stance of President Donald Trump’s administration toward crypto is likely to help growth further.It is noteworthy that, measured by market capitalization, perhaps as much as 99% of stablecoins are denominated in dollars. That is a much higher share than is found in standard international trade and finance. This shows that, if monetary institutions were started all over again from scratch — which is part of what crypto is doing — the market would opt largely for dollars.Traders in many less well governed countries want to partake in dollar-based economies, but they do not always have ready access to dollar-based banking in the way that Americans do. Their domestic banking systems may be unreliable or be regulated to discourage dollar dominance. Traders may also be afraid of US regulations, which operate through sanctions and restrictions on dollar-denominated transactions. “Know your customer” regulations, for example, can make interacting with US financial institutions very costly.So foreigners are increasingly turning to stablecoins, which they can access quickly and directly through apps. Stablecoins are not much regulated now, but eventually regulation will emerge in many countries. That said, there will likely be more and less regulated versions of stablecoins for a long time to come. For that reason, another advantage of stablecoins — at least for individual traders, if not always for broader society — is that traders will be able to choose the level of regulation they desire.Several countries have dollarized in recent years — including Panama, Ecuador and El Salvador — and none seems to regret it. President Javier Milei in Argentina has pledged dollarization, and that proved to be a popular campaign promise, although it remains to be seen if he can summon the resources to pull it off.The simplest scenario is that people outside developed nations use stablecoins more and more. Their economies will become partly “dollarized” — or if you wish to use an even less elegant term, “stablecoinized,” with the stablecoins backed by dollars. People in those economies will get more used to thinking and calculating in terms of dollars, even for their domestic transactions. Dual-currency economies may become more common, with both a domestic currency and dollar-backed stablecoins. Over time, fearing the redemption risks associated with stablecoins, many nations will opt for outright dollarization, either full or partial. In some cases, the dollar might end up predominating.Worth a ponder, and this is yet another scenario where crypto proves useful.The post Will stablecoins herald a broader-based dollarization? appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated StoriesThe danger of Trump disobeying court ordersWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?Lift the Ban on Supersonics: No Boom 

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Why it is hard for the Executive to disobey the judiciary
Tyler Cowen

An excellent thread from Dilan Esper.  Excerpt:I have pointed out already that Elon Musk has massive economic interests in cases currently before the federal courts. That is reason enough he would have to obey an order or resign if Trump demanded he not do so. A federal court could default him on those suits.But more generally federal courts can issue writs that can be levied on bank accounts and properties. These could effectively freeze the assets of ANY noncompliant government official. Yes, even the President. And no, President Trump couldn’t order then unfrozen.There is more at the link.  Retweeted by Alex T.The post Why it is hard for the Executive to disobey the judiciary appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated StoriesThe danger of Trump disobeying court ordersWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?The exhaustion of rents 

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The danger of Trump disobeying court orders
Tyler Cowen

Ilya Somin covers this question over at Volokh Conspiracy.  I receive many queries about this, some of them panicky and anguished.  I haven’t covered it, mostly because I don’t feel I have enough insights into the relevant matters of constitutional law, or for that matter what is going on inside the administration (for instance, how should one interpret those Vance tweets?)I can tell you what I would find useful.  If you are especially pessimistic on this front, which are the securities prices that would indicate an actual constitutional problem?  Particular equities?  Interest rates?  The value of the dollar?  Measures of volatility?  Something else?I am allergic to the view that “fascism could come and market prices would not even budge.”  In fact, I think it is extremely skeptical and subversive of democracy, or shall I better say a constitutional republic.  I think fascism, or a constitutional collapse, would be a terrible outcome in a variety of very practical ways, in addition to its moral failings.In a variety of other contexts, such as tariffs, market prices have been super-sensitive to the actions of the Trump administration.  So people, on this question, which exactly are the measurable, market price indicators?  After all, you don’t want to be like those doomster AI skeptics who think no one can trade on the (supposed) truth.In the comments section, I am not interested in your blah blah blah opinion full of adjectives.  Just tell me which prices please.  I do see this issue as constituting a real risk, if perhaps a sometimes exaggerated one.  So I will follow those market prices with great interest.  I just need to know what they are.Addendum: In an excellent Substack today Matt Yglesias notes: “Republicans, meanwhile, are making very little forward progress on their legislative agenda.”The post The danger of Trump disobeying court orders appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media Commentshttps://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_pro... by Philip LingardThe Supreme Court in its originalist wisdom has already ruled ... by What danger?It is always nice to hear Tyler talk to his readers as if they ... by RickyMy marker for losing our democratic/constitutional republic is, ... by JackHow would we control for the impact of this one kind of ... by RMMPlus 7 more...Related StoriesWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?The exhaustion of rentsUSPS as a failed sovereign wealth fund 

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What should I ask Austan Goolsbee?
Tyler Cowen

Yes I will be doing a Conversation with him.  So what should I ask?  Here is his Wikipedia page.  Here is Austan on Twitter.  Here is scholar.google.com.  Note that Austan is now president of the Chicago Fed.  So what should I ask him?The post What should I ask Austan Goolsbee? appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media 

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The three levels of AI understanding
Tyler Cowen

If you are trying to contextualize someone’s opinion on current AI, I suggest asking three basic questions about their perspective.  In particular, you should know which of the following three realities they are aware of.  Here goes:1. How good are the best models today?Most people do not know this, even if you are speaking with someone at a top university.2. How rapidly are the best current models are able to self-improve?In my view, their output is good enough that synthetic data works, they can grade themselves, and they are on a steady glide toward ongoing self-improvement.  You can debate the rate, but “compound interest” gets you there sooner or later.It is fine if someone disagrees with that, but at the very least you want them to have considered this possibility.  Most observers really have not.3. How will the best current models be knit together in stacked, decentralized networks of self-improvement, broadly akin to “the republic of science” for human beings?This one is far more speculative, as it is not possible to observe much directly in the public sphere.  And most of what will happen does not exist yet, not even as plans on the drawing board.  Still, you want a person to have given this question some thought.  I believe, for one, that this will move the AIs into the realm of being truly innovative.  Stack them, have some of them generate a few billion new ideas a week, have the others grade those ideas…etc.I find it is difficult to have good AI conversations with people who are not conversant with at least the first two realities on this list.  The very best conversations are with people who also have spent time thinking about number three as well.The post The three levels of AI understanding appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media CommentsWe see AI everywhere but in the productivity statistics. by carlosplnHow good are the best models today? It depends a whole lot on ... by BobI find it is difficult to have good AI conversations with ... by MikePRelated StoriesWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?Dwarkesh’s QuestionIt’s later than you think 

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China fact of the day
Tyler Cowen

Marriages in China plunged by a fifth to the lowest level on record last year, a setback to efforts by the government to reverse a demographic crisis threatening the world’s second-biggest economy.The number of marriage registrations fell to 6.1 million, according to statistics released by China’s Ministry of Civil Affairs on Saturday, after a post-pandemic increase to nearly 7.7 million in 2023. The tally for last year marks the fewest marriages since public records began in 1986 and is less than half the peak reached in 2013.Here is more from Bloomberg News.The post China fact of the day appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media Comments…apparently doesn't mean to them what it means for us. by Lying Flat...An enduring consequence of the celebrated “one family-one ... by Edward BurkeShould correlate to a large degree with the smaller younger age ... by DirtyJobsGuymarriage is great and this is sad by robRelated StoriesWhat should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?Greenland NextThe exhaustion of rents 

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What should I ask Jennifer Pahlka?
Tyler Cowen

Yes, I will be doing a Conversation with her.  From Wikipedia:Jennifer Pahlka (born December 27, 1969) is an American businesswoman and political advisor. She is the founder and former executive director of Code for America. She served as U.S. Deputy Chief Technology Officer from June 2013 to June 2014 and helped found the United States Digital Service. Previously she had worked at CMP Media with various roles in the computer game industry. She was the co-chair and general manager of the Web 2.0 conferences. In June 2023, she released the book Recoding America: Why Government Is Failing in the Digital Age and How We Can Do Better.Recently she has been working on the Niskanen Institute state capacity project.  So what should I ask her?The post What should I ask Jennifer Pahlka? appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated Stories“Can America Win the AI War with China?”The exhaustion of rentsUSPS as a failed sovereign wealth fund 

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Sunday assorted links
Tyler Cowen

1. Cato ad for policy analyst in human progress and economics.  And for psychology.2. Joe Boyd episode Spotify playlist, put together by a CWT listener.3. Lots more black holes than we had thought? And more here.4. DeepSeek okie-dokie: “All I know is we keep pushing forward to make open-source AGI a reality for everyone.”  I believe them, the question is what counter-move the CCP will make now.5. A much longer follow-up post on why northern England is poor (still no mention of drunks?).6. Progress on Neom?The post Sunday assorted links appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media Media CommentsIn reply to supermilfbangingmanwhore. From Ryan Grim: “This ... by Excellent point, congratulationsSam Altman is on suicide watch. The only thing ChatGPT is ... by AdamThe CCP’s next move? LOL, nice red-baiting, where were you ... by supermilfbangingmanwhore 

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*On the Calculation of Volume, I and II*
Tyler Cowen

Thoee two novels by Solvej Balle, a Danish author, are now available in English.  Conceptually, they are close to time travel novels (I should not tell you the actual nature of the twist), but with more literary value than you might be expecting.Every now and then a new book comes along that is conceptual, fascinating, fun to read, good on human psychology, and in literary terms very well done.  The Balle books qualify there.  Each is also quite short, though the second half of each volume is better than the first, so there is a return to patience (to be clear, the first halves, or maybe thirds, are fine, but the true points are revealed only with some time).There are some implicit economic and even crypto themes in the work, though I doubt if the author is aware of them.So I recommend these, and will not go near potential spoilers.The post *On the Calculation of Volume, I and II* appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated StoriesAtlas Shrugged as NovelCorin Wagen defends Leviticus (from my email)An Economic Approach to Homer’s Odyssey: Part I 

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Manmohan Singh, RIP
Tyler Cowen

I am sad to hear about the passing of Manmohan Singh at age 92.Singh was perhaps the most influential Indian policymaker in the last five decades.  An Oxbridge educated trade economist, he became India’s most important technocrat in the 1980s and 1990s – occupying every top position in economic policy –  finance secretary; deputy chairman of the planning commission; governor of the RBI, and chief economic adviser.  And as finance minister in 1991, when he brought the Indian economy out of socialism to embrace markets and global trade.  After Modi and Nehru, he is also India’s longest serving prime minister over two terms from 2004-2014.For more about his work and long career in economic policy read Changing India –  a five volume collection on Singh’s work as an academic, policymaker, politician and on the family man, Strictly Personal by his daughter Daman Singh.  And to learn more about India’s liberalization and economic reforms, follow the 1991 Project at the Mercatus Center led by Shruti Rajagopalan and her team.The post Manmohan Singh, RIP appeared first on Marginal REVOLUTION.MediaMedia Media Media Media Media Media MediaRelated StoriesFull-length documentary on the life and legacy of Rene GirardIs academic writing getting harder to read?Jefferson’s DOGE (that was then, this is now) 

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