A previously undocumented material response or phenomena without prior demonstration or current/complete understanding; or a new material structure or composition without precedent; or a new characterization approach implementing novel physics or exploiting novel material phenomena.
If the material existed previously, or the behavior was observed previously in a similar material system, or the experimental technique is derivative, the manuscript cannot be classified as “1 – Discovery”.

Basic principles and material properties/structures quantified, observed, explained for the first time for a particular system, but not intrinsically novel.
Novel characterization techniques can be included, if exploiting new phenomena/response or innovatively applied.
May include fundamental computational predictions of proposed theoretical systems. If it cannot be physically synthesized, it cannot be classified as “1 – Discovery”. Incremental improvements of measurements and/or dependency studies of behaviors/values cannot be classified as “2 – Benchmark” if prior published properties can be referenced as benchmark values.

Basic principles and material properties, structures and behaviors quantified and extended from prior reports/knowledge; delineate limits of performance and/or property range; need not include intended application.
May be computational.
Dependency studies should still be novel. However, if they use prior works to benchmark values and/or behaviors, they cannot be classified as “2 – Benchmark”.
Material system additions that are included to fine-tune behavior or provide structural support (e.g., a substrate) for a designed application that also influence material response/behavior cannot be classified as “3 – Understanding”.

Basic principles and material properties/structures quantified and extended with designed intent; proof-of-concept systems.
Bring together necessary “pieces” for proof of function or application via analysis or experiment.

Response of material system exploited, characterized, demonstrated, or designed with specific application.
Material combination, system architecture, exploited response, use-case, etc. must be novel; however, the underlying physics/chemistry/material components has been investigated prior and understood.
System need not be application-ready, but physical operational conditions are considered.

Response of material system exploited, characterized, demonstrated for specific application.
Material use and/or implementation must be novel and innovative.
System is application-ready.

In the original article, there were mistakes in Figure 2 as published. In Figure 2D and F, an unintentional error occurred upon using Adobe Illustrator to organize the images, and incorrect images of the colony formation assay for sh-1 and sh-2 in HT29 and SW480 cells were imported by mistake. In Figure 2G, a draft image of tumorigenesis that should have been discarded was imported by mistake. The corrected Figure 2 appears below.

The authors regret that in the originally published article [1], Fig. 8e contains a duplicate image. They then proceed to re-check all original data, and found out that there was no duplication found in these files. The authors realized that the error happened during figure processing. All the original picture of Fig. 8e were saved in TIF format and were put in a folder for faster processing. During scale bar addition, they added a scale bar to the image of the control group using Image J software and saved it as JPG format picture in the same folder. Then, the four groups of pictures were combined and typeset by Adobe Illustrator CS 6 software. In the process of image processing, the control group picture without scale were dragged in by mistake, resulting in the repetition of the first picture and the third picture. This correction has not changed the interpretation or the original conclusions of this work. Hence, the authors truly apologize for the oversight on this matter to the editors, reviewers and readers for any confusion that has been caused by this unintentional error. The revised Fig. 8e is shown below.

Requests to change authorship should be submitted by the corresponding author, who must provide the reason for the request to the journal editor with written confirmation from all authors (including any authors being added or removed) that they agree with the addition, removal, or rearrangement. Authors are now required to use the Authorship Change Request Form (linked in Editorial Manager and most journals’ guide for authors) and upload the completed form into Editorial Manager for editor consideration.

Should you observe multiple, unjustified author additions and/or removals on a single paper – especially between revisions and/or acceptance and proof corrections – we recommend that you reject the manuscript, look for other signs of systematic manipulation, and escalate to your publishing contact for further investigation of potential authorship for sale.